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Measurement and data processing and analysis
Measurement and data processing and analysis

... An uncertainty range applies to any experimental value. Some pieces of apparatus state the degree of uncertainty, in other cases you will have to make a judgement. Suppose you are asked to measure the volume of water in the measuring cylinder shown in Figure 11.1. The bottom of the meniscus of a liq ...
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... the Schrödinger equation reduces to the kinetic energy of the particle multiplied by the wave function Solutions to the Schrödinger equation in different regions must join smoothly at the boundaries ...
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QUANTUM SPIN LIQUIDS: QUEST FOR THE ODD PARTICLE

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fall04-term2-exercise
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Informal Lab: Inertial Mass Balance Name ________________ Date
Informal Lab: Inertial Mass Balance Name ________________ Date

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... is particularly interesting because it is an experimental example of a quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator in a small box. The inert gases are also of interest to the chemical biologist. For example, xenon is found to be an almost perfect anesthetic agent-in spite of its chemical inertness. This ...
Origin of Cosmic Rays
Origin of Cosmic Rays

... Let us start by considering the question of where the particles themselves come from, the first interpretation listed above. Out of what reservoir of material are the atomic nuclei drawn which ultimately end up as the cosmic rays that we observe? The standard approach to such a question is to look i ...
Many-body theory of excitation dynamics in an ultracold Rydberg gas
Many-body theory of excitation dynamics in an ultracold Rydberg gas

... demonstrated for a direct 共i.e., first-order兲 dipole-dipole interaction of the Rydberg atoms, and it was shown that the suppression of excitations is particularly pronounced at the so-called Förster resonances 关9兴. Furthermore, it was shown that the blockade effect also leads to a quenching of the p ...
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Atomic theory



In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms.The word atom comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning ""uncuttable"". 19th century chemists began using the term in connection with the growing number of irreducible chemical elements. While seemingly apropos, around the turn of the 20th century, through various experiments with electromagnetism and radioactivity, physicists discovered that the so-called ""uncuttable atom"" was actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles (chiefly, electrons, protons and neutrons) which can exist separately from each other. In fact, in certain extreme environments, such as neutron stars, extreme temperature and pressure prevents atoms from existing at all. Since atoms were found to be divisible, physicists later invented the term ""elementary particles"" to describe the ""uncuttable"", though not indestructible, parts of an atom. The field of science which studies subatomic particles is particle physics, and it is in this field that physicists hope to discover the true fundamental nature of matter.
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