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The Roman Empire
The Roman Empire

... • Roman empire stretched from Britain to Mesopotamia and all the land around the Mediterranean Sea • They were proud and called the Mediterranean Sea “Our Sea” • Augustus was an intelligent ruler, he first ignored the senate, but then embraced them in order to gain their trust and loyalty • The sena ...
The Roman Republic
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... ______________, could own property and testify in court, but could not ________. 3. Social Classes a. Patricians: special families who claimed their ancestors had been the “____________________________.” b. Plebeians: Common Roman citizens, who lacked the status of the Patricians, but were the _____ ...
Power Point Quiz 1
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Ancient Rome Study Guide
Ancient Rome Study Guide

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The Founding of Rome and its Republic
The Founding of Rome and its Republic

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Roman agriculture



Agriculture in ancient Rome was not only a necessity, but was idealized among the social elite as a way of life. Cicero considered farming the best of all Roman occupations. In his treatise On Duties, he declared that ""of all the occupations by which gain is secured, none is better than agriculture, none more profitable, none more delightful, none more becoming to a free man."" When one of his clients was derided in court for preferring a rural lifestyle, Cicero defended country life as ""the teacher of economy, of industry, and of justice"" (parsimonia, diligentia, iustitia). Cato, Columella, Varro and Palladius wrote handbooks on farming practice.The staple crop was spelt, and bread was the mainstay of every Roman table. In his treatise De agricultura (""On Farming"", 2nd century BC), Cato wrote that the best farm was a vineyard, followed by an irrigated garden, willow plantation, olive orchard, meadow, grain land, forest trees, vineyard trained on trees, and lastly acorn woodlands.Though Rome relied on resources from its many provinces acquired through conquest and warfare, wealthy Romans developed the land in Italy to produce a variety of crops. ""The people living in the city of Rome constituted a huge market for the purchase of food produced on Italian farms.""Land ownership was a dominant factor in distinguishing the aristocracy from the common person, and the more land a Roman owned, the more important he would be in the city. Soldiers were often rewarded with land from the commander they served. Though farms depended on slave labor, free men and citizens were hired at farms to oversee the slaves and ensure that the farms ran smoothly.
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