access full article - Caister Academic Press
... genes and the phenotypes of representative mutants are shown in figures 1A and 1B, respectively. Initial homology determinations were performed using BLAST (Altschul et al., 1990). The product of orf1 was weakly similar (61%; 59 a.a.) to phospholipase C precursor protein (Swissprot acession number P ...
... genes and the phenotypes of representative mutants are shown in figures 1A and 1B, respectively. Initial homology determinations were performed using BLAST (Altschul et al., 1990). The product of orf1 was weakly similar (61%; 59 a.a.) to phospholipase C precursor protein (Swissprot acession number P ...
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
... • Like prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have proteins that regulate transcription. But many more proteins are involved, and the interactions are more complex. • The genetic switch involves the first step of transcription, when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region. • The proteins involved i ...
... • Like prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have proteins that regulate transcription. But many more proteins are involved, and the interactions are more complex. • The genetic switch involves the first step of transcription, when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region. • The proteins involved i ...
Background and Overview of Comparative Genomics
... tri-, or tetranucleotides) by PCR from primers lying outside the repeat stretch. The product length is assessed on an acrylamide gel that can separate alleles differing in only 1 or a few repeats. These simple sequence length polymorphisms, commonly known as microsatellites, have revolutionized gene ...
... tri-, or tetranucleotides) by PCR from primers lying outside the repeat stretch. The product length is assessed on an acrylamide gel that can separate alleles differing in only 1 or a few repeats. These simple sequence length polymorphisms, commonly known as microsatellites, have revolutionized gene ...
GenomeSequencing_ver3_20040929
... Partial shotgun coverage: typically 3-6X random coverage of a genome which produces sequence data of sufficient quality to enable gene identification but which is not sufficient to produce a finished genome sequence Paired reads: sequence reads determined from both ends of a cloned insert in a recom ...
... Partial shotgun coverage: typically 3-6X random coverage of a genome which produces sequence data of sufficient quality to enable gene identification but which is not sufficient to produce a finished genome sequence Paired reads: sequence reads determined from both ends of a cloned insert in a recom ...
Vectors for expression and modification of cDNA sequences in
... Vectors for expression and modification of cDNA sequences in Neurospora crassa. J.W. Campbell, C.S. Enderlin, and C.P. Selitrennikoff - Mycotox, Inc., 4200 E. Ninth Avenue, B111, Denver, CO 80262 The quinic acid inducible qa-2 promoter of Neurospora crassa has been used to express cloned genes by a ...
... Vectors for expression and modification of cDNA sequences in Neurospora crassa. J.W. Campbell, C.S. Enderlin, and C.P. Selitrennikoff - Mycotox, Inc., 4200 E. Ninth Avenue, B111, Denver, CO 80262 The quinic acid inducible qa-2 promoter of Neurospora crassa has been used to express cloned genes by a ...
Using Genetic Algorithms with Asexual
... radiation could not be the result of the normal recombination and mutation processes. She found that certain genetic elements in corn occasionally move producing kernels with unusual colors that could not have resulted from crossover or mutation. Transposons were for a long time considered as some s ...
... radiation could not be the result of the normal recombination and mutation processes. She found that certain genetic elements in corn occasionally move producing kernels with unusual colors that could not have resulted from crossover or mutation. Transposons were for a long time considered as some s ...
Immunogenetics
... The two DNA recombinational events required to assemble a functional heavy chain V region gene, are governed by the 7-9 and the 12-23 rules. Explain. Discuss four mechanisms that contribute to antibody diversity. Describe the differential splicing of RNA that progresses from membrane bound IgM ...
... The two DNA recombinational events required to assemble a functional heavy chain V region gene, are governed by the 7-9 and the 12-23 rules. Explain. Discuss four mechanisms that contribute to antibody diversity. Describe the differential splicing of RNA that progresses from membrane bound IgM ...
Gene Expression Profiles and Microarray Data Analysis - BIDD
... • ArrayExpress at the EBI http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/ • Stanford MicroArray Database http://genome-www5.stanford.edu/ • Yale Microarray Database http://info.med.yale.edu/microarray/ ...
... • ArrayExpress at the EBI http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/ • Stanford MicroArray Database http://genome-www5.stanford.edu/ • Yale Microarray Database http://info.med.yale.edu/microarray/ ...
Plant Telomere Biology
... When condensed eukaryotic chromosomes are viewed in a light microscope, they are essentially linear structures with nothing to distinguish the ends from the rest of the chromosome. Therefore, early cytologists had no need for a specialized name for this part of the chromosome. The initial hint that ...
... When condensed eukaryotic chromosomes are viewed in a light microscope, they are essentially linear structures with nothing to distinguish the ends from the rest of the chromosome. Therefore, early cytologists had no need for a specialized name for this part of the chromosome. The initial hint that ...
Distinguishing Among Evolutionary Models for the Maintenance of
... in the duplication of the intervening sequences, which can then lead in turn to more duplications because of pairing between the new paralogs (Bailey et al. 2003). But other studies in humans have also found multiple cases with no repetitive DNA or long stretches of homologous sequence at duplicatio ...
... in the duplication of the intervening sequences, which can then lead in turn to more duplications because of pairing between the new paralogs (Bailey et al. 2003). But other studies in humans have also found multiple cases with no repetitive DNA or long stretches of homologous sequence at duplicatio ...
Rate Asymmetry After Genome Duplication Causes Substantial
... topologies among neighbor-joining (NJ) trees drawn from different loci and suggested that this conflict was the result of ‘‘asynchronous functional divergence’’ of duplicated genes (Langkjaer, R. B., P. F. Cliften, M. Johnston, and J. Piskur. 2003. Yeast genome duplication was followed by asynchrono ...
... topologies among neighbor-joining (NJ) trees drawn from different loci and suggested that this conflict was the result of ‘‘asynchronous functional divergence’’ of duplicated genes (Langkjaer, R. B., P. F. Cliften, M. Johnston, and J. Piskur. 2003. Yeast genome duplication was followed by asynchrono ...
Origin of New Genes: Evidence from Experimental
... Exon shuffling is an essential molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. Many cases of exon shuffling have been reported in vertebrate genes. These discoveries revealed the importance of exon shuffling in the origin of new genes. However, only a few cases of exon shuffling were reported fr ...
... Exon shuffling is an essential molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. Many cases of exon shuffling have been reported in vertebrate genes. These discoveries revealed the importance of exon shuffling in the origin of new genes. However, only a few cases of exon shuffling were reported fr ...
Chapter 20
... • Concept 20.1: DNA cloning permits production of multiple copies of a specific gene or other DNA segment • To work directly with specific genes – Scientists have developed methods for preparing well-defined, gene-sized pieces of DNA in multiple identical copies, a process called gene cloning ...
... • Concept 20.1: DNA cloning permits production of multiple copies of a specific gene or other DNA segment • To work directly with specific genes – Scientists have developed methods for preparing well-defined, gene-sized pieces of DNA in multiple identical copies, a process called gene cloning ...
Molecular Evolution of Nitrate Reductase Genes
... All eukaryotic NRs have three highly conserved functional domains binding FAD, heme, and molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) (Kleinhofs et al. 1989). The three functional domains are separated by two short hinge regions (Kubo et al. 1988). They are encoded in a linear order with the MoCo region at the N-term ...
... All eukaryotic NRs have three highly conserved functional domains binding FAD, heme, and molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) (Kleinhofs et al. 1989). The three functional domains are separated by two short hinge regions (Kubo et al. 1988). They are encoded in a linear order with the MoCo region at the N-term ...
Evolutionary Genomics of Fast Evolving Tunicates
... the Ciona gene predictions (Hughes and Friedman 2005). It was also estimated that Ciona lost 35% and 45% more ancestral gene families than pufferfish and humans, respectively (Hughes and Friedman 2005). Some genes absent in the Ciona genome but present in Drosophila and vertebrates include those enc ...
... the Ciona gene predictions (Hughes and Friedman 2005). It was also estimated that Ciona lost 35% and 45% more ancestral gene families than pufferfish and humans, respectively (Hughes and Friedman 2005). Some genes absent in the Ciona genome but present in Drosophila and vertebrates include those enc ...
Chapter 12: Mechanisms and Regulation of Transcription I
... 2. Our goal is to make a copy of the gene in the form of an RNA a. For prokaryotes, who have genes lacking introns, an mRNA copy will be produced b. For eukaryotes, who have genes containing introns, a pre-mRNA copy will be produced 3. As we learned, the RNA produced will basically have the same seq ...
... 2. Our goal is to make a copy of the gene in the form of an RNA a. For prokaryotes, who have genes lacking introns, an mRNA copy will be produced b. For eukaryotes, who have genes containing introns, a pre-mRNA copy will be produced 3. As we learned, the RNA produced will basically have the same seq ...
Finding Eukaryotic Open reading frames.
... • The effect of manual translation It is dependent on the starting position of the exon (correct reading frame) , the length of the exon and the length of the intron. – Refer to chapter 9 understanding bioinformatics ...
... • The effect of manual translation It is dependent on the starting position of the exon (correct reading frame) , the length of the exon and the length of the intron. – Refer to chapter 9 understanding bioinformatics ...
Query Results
... Genomic Context: Clicking on the tag will display a pop-up window with several details about this tag. This pop-up window can also be launched from the main results table and thus it will be explained next from there. ...
... Genomic Context: Clicking on the tag will display a pop-up window with several details about this tag. This pop-up window can also be launched from the main results table and thus it will be explained next from there. ...
Abundance of an mRNA is the average number of molecules per cell
... Conditional lethal mlutations kill a cell or virus under certain (nonpermissive) conditions, but allow it to survive under other (permissive) conditions. Conjugation describes ‘mathing’ between two bacterial cells, when (part of ) the chromosome is transferred from one to the other. Consensus sequen ...
... Conditional lethal mlutations kill a cell or virus under certain (nonpermissive) conditions, but allow it to survive under other (permissive) conditions. Conjugation describes ‘mathing’ between two bacterial cells, when (part of ) the chromosome is transferred from one to the other. Consensus sequen ...
Chapter 10
... This principle will be seen to be one of the foundations of recombinant DNA technology. Because most restriction enzymes recognize a unique sequence, the number of cuts made in the DNA of an organism by a particular enzyme is limited. For example, an E. coli DNA molecule contains 4.6 106 base pair ...
... This principle will be seen to be one of the foundations of recombinant DNA technology. Because most restriction enzymes recognize a unique sequence, the number of cuts made in the DNA of an organism by a particular enzyme is limited. For example, an E. coli DNA molecule contains 4.6 106 base pair ...
WHAT IS A GENE? - Electronic Scholarly Publishing
... three sectors where, later, three large pairs of chromosomes appear. This indicates that gene strings of chromosomes have a definite position inside of a nucleus but that they are visible only when enough of the chromatin matrix has been evolved by them to increase their size to the point of visibil ...
... three sectors where, later, three large pairs of chromosomes appear. This indicates that gene strings of chromosomes have a definite position inside of a nucleus but that they are visible only when enough of the chromatin matrix has been evolved by them to increase their size to the point of visibil ...
SNPs - Biology, Genetics and Bioinformatics Unit
... example: Spinocerebellar ataxia Type10 (SCA10) (OMIM:+603516) is caused by largest tandem repeat seen in human genome. Normal population has 10-22 mer pentanucleotide ATTCT repeat in intron 9 of SCA10 gene; where as SCA10 patients have 800-4500 repeat units, which causes the disease allele up to 22. ...
... example: Spinocerebellar ataxia Type10 (SCA10) (OMIM:+603516) is caused by largest tandem repeat seen in human genome. Normal population has 10-22 mer pentanucleotide ATTCT repeat in intron 9 of SCA10 gene; where as SCA10 patients have 800-4500 repeat units, which causes the disease allele up to 22. ...
Am. J. Physiol. 1989, 257, L47
... is the CF gene. Detection of genes in mammalian genomic DNA is complicated by two factors. Eukaryotic genes are broken into coding (exons) and noncoding (introns) segments, and some exons can be small, making them difficult to detect. Second, mammalian genomic DNA contains a variety of repetitive DN ...
... is the CF gene. Detection of genes in mammalian genomic DNA is complicated by two factors. Eukaryotic genes are broken into coding (exons) and noncoding (introns) segments, and some exons can be small, making them difficult to detect. Second, mammalian genomic DNA contains a variety of repetitive DN ...
Transposable element
A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within the genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genome size. Transposition often results in duplication of the TE. Barbara McClintock's discovery of these jumping genes earned her a Nobel prize in 1983.TEs make up a large fraction of the C-value of eukaryotic cells. There are at least two classes of TEs: class I TEs generally function via reverse transcription, while class II TEs encode the protein transposase, which they require for insertion and excision, and some of these TEs also encode other proteins. It has been shown that TEs are important in genome function and evolution. In Oxytricha, which has a unique genetic system, they play a critical role in development. They are also very useful to researchers as a means to alter DNA inside a living organism.