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Biology 303 EXAM III
Biology 303 EXAM III

... Two types of post-transcriptional modifications that take place in the mRNA of eukaryotes are 1. the addition of a poly T sequence at the 5' end of the gene and the addition of a poly U tail at the 3' end. 2. addition of a poly A sequence at the 5' end and the addition of a “cap” at the 3' end of th ...
無投影片標題
無投影片標題

... Thymine ...
Unit 4 Genetics
Unit 4 Genetics

Biotechnology: Tools and Techniques of the Trade
Biotechnology: Tools and Techniques of the Trade

...  At the end of class today, you will be able to:  Explain what a restriction enzyme is and what role they play in the cell  Explain how restriction enzymes have been used by biologists as a tool in the manipulation of DNA ...
mutation - ahsbognasbi4u
mutation - ahsbognasbi4u

... World map of human migrations, with the North Pole at center. Migration patterns are based on studies of mitochondrial (matrilinear) DNA. Dashed lines are hypothetical migrations. Numbers represent thousand years before present, with 2-4% mutation rate per 1 million years. ...
Lab 11: Simple genomic data analysis using R 1. UCSC genome
Lab 11: Simple genomic data analysis using R 1. UCSC genome

... Open the file to take a quick look. Each row is for a gene. Columns are for properties of the genes. For example, “name” gives the refseq gene name (accession number); “chrom” is the chromosome; “strand” is the strand direction (+/-); txStart/txEnd are the transcriptional start/end position on the c ...
BioSc 231 Exam 5 2008
BioSc 231 Exam 5 2008

... (2 pts) The restriction endonuclease HindIII (which cuts at the sequence AAGCTT) cuts the genome of the bacteriophage lambda (approximately 50 kilobases in size) into 7 fragments. The enzyme RsaI (which cuts at the sequence GTAC) cuts the lambda genome into 113 fragments. Explain the reason for the ...
The Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project

... proteins while a mouse gene can only make a few! ...
Lecture 1
Lecture 1

Genome
Genome

... critics, who noted that the technology did not exist to sequence a bacterium, much less a human. And even if the project's starry-eyed proponents could by some miracle pull it off, who would want the complete sequence data anyway?1 In the late 1970s, an entire doctoral thesis might be devoted to rep ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... What are the four DNA bases, what do they bond with, and what type of ...
Document
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... Definition: two different organisms’ DNA put together in the same DNA strand. Example – Human DNA is cut by a restriction enzyme. Bacteria DNA is inserted into the cut. This makes a transgenic organism. ...
Chapter 13 DNA Technology
Chapter 13 DNA Technology

... Genetic Engineering – the application of molecular genetics for practical purposes. Can be used to IDENTIFY or TRANSFER genes.  DNA Technology – can be used to cure diseases, treat genetic disorders, improve food crops, etc.  Restriction Enzymes – bacterial enzymes used to “cut” DNA molecules int ...
“Ancient” Viruses
“Ancient” Viruses

... Genetic changes involving large pieces of nucleic acid  Reassortment-reshuffling ...
ap-biology-big-idea-3-review-answers
ap-biology-big-idea-3-review-answers

... translation, and gene expression actually increase variation or changes in populations? Viruses lack any sort of error-correcting mechanism, what could this mean about its variation? the mistakes lead to new phenotypes and genetic combinations that may strengthen diversity in the population. Much mo ...
human_genome_sum.pdf
human_genome_sum.pdf

... This is similar to the number of genes in mouse or mustard weed, and only twice as many genes as flies or nematodes. Thus genome size and the number of genes do not account for vertebrate or human complexity. However, vertebrates have 5 times as many proteins as flies or worms. Sequencing of the gen ...
view PDF - Children`s Hospital of Wisconsin
view PDF - Children`s Hospital of Wisconsin

... These reports help the laboratory correlate the patient’s phenotype and family history with the genotype derived from sequencing. 2. Confirmation that the patient has had the current standard diagnostic testing used to evaluate that patient’s phenotype. This ensures that the most cost-effective app ...
Microbiology - Las Positas College
Microbiology - Las Positas College

... Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammalian cells, or plant cells. List some advantages of, and problems associated with, the use of genetic modification techniques. ...
Document
Document

... Genetic screening can detect genetic disorders. • Genetic screening involves the testing of DNA. – determines risk of having DMD or passing on a genetic disorder – used to detect specific genes or proteins – can detect some genes related to an increased risk of cancer – can detect some genes known t ...
9.6 Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy KEY CONCEPT treatments.
9.6 Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy KEY CONCEPT treatments.

... Genetic screening can detect genetic disorders. • Genetic screening involves the testing of DNA. – determines risk of having DMD or passing on a genetic disorder – used to detect specific genes or proteins – can detect some genes related to an increased risk of cancer – can detect some genes known t ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Out of Africa • Neanderthal mT DNA: – Very different from modern humans – Hard to reconcile difference with possible presence of some Neanderthal ancestry in modern ...
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... C. Meiosis (what makes biparental inheritance possible) FOCUS ON CHAPTER 13 1. Chromosome number is critically important for proper function (15.15) ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... plastid DNA to the nucleus. Explain why this experiment estimates only the frequency of nonfunctional DNA transfer from plastid to nucleus, rather than the frequency of a plastid gene undergoing a transfer such that its gene function is re-established from the nucleus. ...
BioSc 231 Exam 5 2005
BioSc 231 Exam 5 2005

... A. chromosomal DNA which has been isolated from a donor organism. B. complementary DNA that is generated by using reverse transcriptase to make DNA from mRNA. C. cloned DNA that has been introduced into a cloning vector. D. cut DNA that has been digested with a restriction endonuclease for use in a ...
handout on genetic nomenclature
handout on genetic nomenclature

... hyphenated. + and – modifiers can be added to further describe a phenotype (e.g. Argcells can not grown on medium without Arg). + and – modifiers are not used on genes or alleles. Gene: single word, begins with upper case letter, at least two characters. An UPPER CASE gene name denotes the wild type ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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