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Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1933
Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1933

... One evening in 1913 one of Morgan’s students, Alfred Sturtevant took home some of Morgan’s breeding records. Reasoning that the closer genes are on the chromosome the less likely they are to cross over with the homologous chromosome, he worked all night and the next morning presented Morgan with a ...
DNA Unit Study Guide 2017 - Liberty Union High School District
DNA Unit Study Guide 2017 - Liberty Union High School District

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review_for_final_exam_jan_2016

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Biology 303 EXAM III
Biology 303 EXAM III

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Bacterial Genetic

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1 - Genetic Alliance

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What Is Gene cloning and How Is It Used? 1. Explain what is meant
What Is Gene cloning and How Is It Used? 1. Explain what is meant

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Biology Spring Semester Final Exam Review

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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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