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Radiation-Hard/High-Speed Parallel Optical Links K.K. Gan , P. Buchholz
Radiation-Hard/High-Speed Parallel Optical Links K.K. Gan , P. Buchholz

... excess of 1 mW coupled into a fiber. The optical eye diagram of a channel in the driver ASIC is shown in Fig. 2. It is evident that the eye diagram readily satisfies the IEEE specification with a clear separation between the signal traces and the mask [6]. We simulated the ASIC using the extracted l ...
How to control and monitor up to 16 via an HM
How to control and monitor up to 16 via an HM

... The only communication parameter that must be changed for each Motor Insight is the Modbus node address. The “Motor 1” button will access the control, configuration, and status pages for the Motor Insight with Modbus serial address 1. The “Motor 2” button will access the control, configuration, and ...
Powersub™ Vacuum Substation Circuit Breaker
Powersub™ Vacuum Substation Circuit Breaker

... • All maintenance must be performed by qualified personnel in accordance with local codes and under the following conditions: — The circuit breaker must be isolated from all power sources. — Control voltage must be removed from the control circuits. — The circuit breaker must be in the open (O) posi ...


... and incremental data resubmissions have resulted in significant improvement to the dataset. It is the intent of Transmission Modelling Data Requirements that the data will continue to improve incrementally over time. The transmission system object model includes data which is adequate for transmissi ...
PDF: 1.28MB
PDF: 1.28MB

... Due to change its insulation structure from mold resin insulation to insulated thermal dissipation sheet, it became possible to decrease the thermal resistance between junction and case Rth(j-c) substantially. So that despite almost same package size, it realized higher current rating up to 75A than ...
switchgear - Siemens Industry, Inc.
switchgear - Siemens Industry, Inc.

WP051 - Iso-Parallel UPS configuration
WP051 - Iso-Parallel UPS configuration

Microcontrollers - Goodheart
Microcontrollers - Goodheart

... Ports and Registers There are many different types of registers and ports found inside a microcontroller chip. Ports and registers are special memory locations dedicated to a specific function such as a hardware location or a place to manipulate data. Some ports correspond to the input and output pi ...
Electricity Ten Year Statement Appendix E – Technology Sheets
Electricity Ten Year Statement Appendix E – Technology Sheets

... controlled independently. The direction of power flow may be reversed without changing the polarity of the DC voltage. VSCs do not depend on the presence of a synchronous AC voltage for their operation and may be used to feed weak or passive networks. A VSC has a smaller footprint and less weight th ...
Floorizwarm Install Manual
Floorizwarm Install Manual

... and/or soldered correctly. Risk of fire possible if cuts or other damage to FloorizwarmTuff Cable are not repaired correctly. Note: The safety features and testing procedures incorporated into Heatizon Systems products cannot detect cuts in Cold Leads or Tuff Cable element. Do not allow Tuff Cable t ...


... off-site ac power for the LNP 1 and LNP 2 via a common switchyard. The connections of LNP 1, LNP 2, the switchyard, and the 500 kV transmission system are shown in Figures 8.2-201 and 8.2-202 respectively. The common 500 kV/230 kV switchyard provides a 500 kV circuit feed to the main step-up transfo ...
pres format
pres format

Digital Trip Coil Supervision Relay
Digital Trip Coil Supervision Relay

860011374005 Datasheet
860011374005 Datasheet

... Moreover Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co KG products are neither designed nor intended for use in areas such as military, aerospace, aviation, nuclear control, submarine, transportation (automotive control, train control, ship control), transportation signal, disaster prevention, medical, public in ...


... the off-site ac power for the LNP 1 and LNP 2 via a common switchyard. The connections of LNP 1, LNP 2, the switchyard, and the 500 kV transmission system are shown in Figures 8.2-201 and 8.2-202 respectively. The common 500 kV/230 kV switchyard provides a 500 kV circuit feed to the main step-up tra ...
SECTION 413-00 Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
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... Field-Effect Transistor (FET) Protection Field-Effect Transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that when used with module software can be used to monitor and control current flow on module outputs. The FET protection strategy is used to prevent module damage in the event of excessive current flow. T ...
Course: Grade 11 physics: University preparation, SPH3U Unit
Course: Grade 11 physics: University preparation, SPH3U Unit

Ampacity - garyklinka.com
Ampacity - garyklinka.com

... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46. 680.26 Equipotential Bonding (Permanently Installed Pools). (B) Bonded Parts. The parts specified in 680.26(B)(1) through (B)(7) shall be bonded together using solid copper ...
a 4/8 Channel Fault-Protected Analog Multiplexers ADG508F/ADG509F/ADG528F*
a 4/8 Channel Fault-Protected Analog Multiplexers ADG508F/ADG509F/ADG528F*

... single channels and the ADG509F comprising four differential channels. These multiplexers provide fault protection. Using a series n-channel, p-channel, n-channel MOSFET structure, both device and signal source protection is provided in the event of an overvoltage or power loss. The multiplexer can ...
ILP - sm.luth.se
ILP - sm.luth.se

... power even if they are turned off • In 2006, goal for leakage is 25% of total power consumption; high performance designs at 40% • Very low power systems even gate voltage to inactive modules to control loss due to leakage ...
Problem Statement Background
Problem Statement Background

... separation (loss of synchronism) that results in isolation of a portion of an interconnection, or system oscillations that increase in magnitude (negatively-damped) are indicators of adverse impact to the reliability of an interconnection. These criteria identify system performance indicative of the ...
switchgear - Siemens Industry
switchgear - Siemens Industry

700 series lawn tractors
700 series lawn tractors

... Check continuity from B to A1 in the START position. If power is reaching the red wire that connects to the A1 terminal in the start position, the problem lies down-stream of the key switch. A handy quick-check is to apply power to the red wires where they connect to the S terminal (whole circuit) o ...
Chap008-2011
Chap008-2011

555-Page 1 for CD users: 555-Page 1 555-Page 2 555
555-Page 1 for CD users: 555-Page 1 555-Page 2 555

... All the schematics in this eBook have components that are labelled using the System International (SI) notation system. The SI system is an easy way to show values without the need for a decimal point. Sometimes the decimal point is difficult to see and the SI system overcomes this problem and offer ...
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Fault tolerance



Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems.A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial failure. That is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. An example in another field is a motor vehicle designed so it will continue to be drivable if one of the tires is punctured. A structure is able to retain its integrity in the presence of damage due to causes such as fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing flaws, or impact.Within the scope of an individual system, fault tolerance can be achieved by anticipating exceptional conditions and building the system to cope with them, and, in general, aiming for self-stabilization so that the system converges towards an error-free state. However, if the consequences of a system failure are catastrophic, or the cost of making it sufficiently reliable is very high, a better solution may be to use some form of duplication. In any case, if the consequence of a system failure is so catastrophic, the system must be able to use reversion to fall back to a safe mode. This is similar to roll-back recovery but can be a human action if humans are present in the loop.
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