Resettable Fuses – PTCs
... and Terminology A polymeric PTC (positive temperature coefficient) overcurrent protector is an element placed in series with the circuit or assembly to be protected. The PTC element protects the circuit by changing from a low-resistance to a high resistance state in response to an overcurrent. This ...
... and Terminology A polymeric PTC (positive temperature coefficient) overcurrent protector is an element placed in series with the circuit or assembly to be protected. The PTC element protects the circuit by changing from a low-resistance to a high resistance state in response to an overcurrent. This ...
Paper - WSU Conference Management
... The interrupting rating can be as low as 1,200 amps (for some older models) and only go up to 10,000 amps at 115 kV. By contrast a modern circuit switcher can have an interrupting rating of 25,000 amps and a breaker can have even higher (we typically use 40,000 amps interrupting). The fuses we g ...
... The interrupting rating can be as low as 1,200 amps (for some older models) and only go up to 10,000 amps at 115 kV. By contrast a modern circuit switcher can have an interrupting rating of 25,000 amps and a breaker can have even higher (we typically use 40,000 amps interrupting). The fuses we g ...
ABWR 8.3 Onsite Power Systems 8.3.1 AC Power Systems
... division’s 4.16 kV bus. The signals generated from high drywell pressure and low reactor vessel level are arranged in two-out-of-four logic combinations, and are utilized to sense the presence of a LOCA condition and subsequently start the diesel. These signals also initiate the emergency core cooli ...
... division’s 4.16 kV bus. The signals generated from high drywell pressure and low reactor vessel level are arranged in two-out-of-four logic combinations, and are utilized to sense the presence of a LOCA condition and subsequently start the diesel. These signals also initiate the emergency core cooli ...
Reduction of Switching Over Voltages in HV Transmission Line
... of very high order and over voltages generated inside the system were not of much consequence. In later years, with increase in transmission voltages from 400 kV and above, the over voltages generated inside the system reached the same order of magnitude as those of lightning over voltages or higher ...
... of very high order and over voltages generated inside the system were not of much consequence. In later years, with increase in transmission voltages from 400 kV and above, the over voltages generated inside the system reached the same order of magnitude as those of lightning over voltages or higher ...
User and Installation Manual
... feasibility of electric drive vehicle applications. UQM Technologies, Inc does not imply that these drives have been tested or pass EMI RFI standards as set forth by any of the regulatory agencies. It should be understood that EMI and RFI from UQM Technologies, Inc. drives could interfere with radio ...
... feasibility of electric drive vehicle applications. UQM Technologies, Inc does not imply that these drives have been tested or pass EMI RFI standards as set forth by any of the regulatory agencies. It should be understood that EMI and RFI from UQM Technologies, Inc. drives could interfere with radio ...
Aalborg Universitet kA/1.1 kV Non-Destructive Testing Equipment
... NDT: the DUT is the black module in the lower right corner, and the two capacitor arrays CDC (5x) and CNEG (3x) are located under busbar. Parallel and series protection are also behind the busbar. Schottky diodes are mounted in five square windows close to the DUT. Colors adopted for the busbar laye ...
... NDT: the DUT is the black module in the lower right corner, and the two capacitor arrays CDC (5x) and CNEG (3x) are located under busbar. Parallel and series protection are also behind the busbar. Schottky diodes are mounted in five square windows close to the DUT. Colors adopted for the busbar laye ...
TS®100 Cable Fault Finder
... Ni-Cad, Ni-MH and Li-Ion batteries, cables or other peripherals are all considered parts or accessories. The warranty extends only to the original buyer or end user customer of a Fluke Networks authorized reseller, and does not apply to any product which, in Fluke Networks’ opinion, has been misused ...
... Ni-Cad, Ni-MH and Li-Ion batteries, cables or other peripherals are all considered parts or accessories. The warranty extends only to the original buyer or end user customer of a Fluke Networks authorized reseller, and does not apply to any product which, in Fluke Networks’ opinion, has been misused ...
DETERMINING TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS FROM TIME-STAMPED DATA by Martin Grobler
... In (1.6) the symbol δ represents the skin effect coefficient of the conductor. This is a phenomena that is observed in alternating current conductors where the alternating flux is non-uniform across the surface of the conductor. This gives rise to higher current densities near the outside of the con ...
... In (1.6) the symbol δ represents the skin effect coefficient of the conductor. This is a phenomena that is observed in alternating current conductors where the alternating flux is non-uniform across the surface of the conductor. This gives rise to higher current densities near the outside of the con ...
Dynalo - Detailed Construction (dgardner 5-7
... Prepare the leads of a resistor with a needle-nose plier as shown in Figure 4a. A good construction style is have the resistance value and tolerance marking (Row 4) pointing straight up and away from board for easy viewing and debug. It takes an extra few seconds to be nice and neat, but it will be ...
... Prepare the leads of a resistor with a needle-nose plier as shown in Figure 4a. A good construction style is have the resistance value and tolerance marking (Row 4) pointing straight up and away from board for easy viewing and debug. It takes an extra few seconds to be nice and neat, but it will be ...
investigation of numerical technique to evaluate frequency response
... electrical transformer failure. One of the most severe failures in transformers is winding deformation. Statistics show that winding failures most frequently cause transformer faults (ANSI=IEEE, 1985). These displacements in the winding maybe the result of transportation damage occurring between the ...
... electrical transformer failure. One of the most severe failures in transformers is winding deformation. Statistics show that winding failures most frequently cause transformer faults (ANSI=IEEE, 1985). These displacements in the winding maybe the result of transportation damage occurring between the ...
Banner SM-GA-5A Safety Mat Monitoring Modules
... of failure due to build-up of dirt, turning-chips, or other material under the sensor(s) or the associated hardware. Give special consideration to joints between sensors to ensure that foreign material does not migrate under or into the sensor. Immediately repair or replace any damage (e.g., cuts, t ...
... of failure due to build-up of dirt, turning-chips, or other material under the sensor(s) or the associated hardware. Give special consideration to joints between sensors to ensure that foreign material does not migrate under or into the sensor. Immediately repair or replace any damage (e.g., cuts, t ...
installation manual
... Lightning does not actually need to strike the equipment or building where the PV system is installed to cause damage. Often, a strike nearby will induce voltage spikes in the electrical grid that can damage equipment. Darfon’s micro inverters have integral surge protection; however, if the surge ha ...
... Lightning does not actually need to strike the equipment or building where the PV system is installed to cause damage. Often, a strike nearby will induce voltage spikes in the electrical grid that can damage equipment. Darfon’s micro inverters have integral surge protection; however, if the surge ha ...
Network Extensions to Remote Areas : Part 1 Planning
... network provided that generation and demand are evenly distributed throughout the network. One of the primary reasons for the attractiveness of AC transmission technology for connecting remote generation is that there is no major departure from the familiar technology already prevalent in the networ ...
... network provided that generation and demand are evenly distributed throughout the network. One of the primary reasons for the attractiveness of AC transmission technology for connecting remote generation is that there is no major departure from the familiar technology already prevalent in the networ ...
Institutionen för systemteknik Department of Electrical Engineering USB 2.0 Audio device Examensarbete
... resolution 24-bit 192 kHz). This to both S/PDIF and analog stereo out via RCAconnectors. The sound quality from a possible subjective point of view is very good and we are happy with the result. We think that the functionality surrounding component databases are convenient in many applications. Not ...
... resolution 24-bit 192 kHz). This to both S/PDIF and analog stereo out via RCAconnectors. The sound quality from a possible subjective point of view is very good and we are happy with the result. We think that the functionality surrounding component databases are convenient in many applications. Not ...
PDF: 2.03MB
... 3.2 Outline differential between Pb-free solder plating type(-P/-AP) and Pb solder plating type ................................................. 12 3.2.1 Large DIPIPM (PS2186X)........................................................................................................................... ...
... 3.2 Outline differential between Pb-free solder plating type(-P/-AP) and Pb solder plating type ................................................. 12 3.2.1 Large DIPIPM (PS2186X)........................................................................................................................... ...
VC WL series EU type
... via the On/Off switch, voltage is still present at the AC and DC connections. The On/Off switch is not a DC disconnector. ...
... via the On/Off switch, voltage is still present at the AC and DC connections. The On/Off switch is not a DC disconnector. ...
simplest chaotic circuit
... Fig. 6. In this figure, we compare experimental versus theoretical attractors. The top two sets of attractor plots y(t) (iL (t), current through the inductor) versus x(t) (vC (t), voltage across the capacitor). The axes scales for the experimental attractor on the top-left are 0.5 V/division. Hence f ...
... Fig. 6. In this figure, we compare experimental versus theoretical attractors. The top two sets of attractor plots y(t) (iL (t), current through the inductor) versus x(t) (vC (t), voltage across the capacitor). The axes scales for the experimental attractor on the top-left are 0.5 V/division. Hence f ...
NEW TRIACS: IS THE SNUBBER CIRCUIT NECESSARY?
... When driving an inductive load, triacs are designed with RC snubber. These commutation aid networks are badly optimized in most of applications. The subject of this paper is, first of all, to analyze the functions of snubber circuits for triacs and to propose calculation methods. But today snubber c ...
... When driving an inductive load, triacs are designed with RC snubber. These commutation aid networks are badly optimized in most of applications. The subject of this paper is, first of all, to analyze the functions of snubber circuits for triacs and to propose calculation methods. But today snubber c ...
NEW TRIACS: IS THE SNUBBER CIRCUIT NECESSARY?
... When driving an inductive load, triacs are designed with RC snubber. These commutation aid networks are badly optimized in most of applications. The subject of this paper is, first of all, to analyze the functions of snubber circuits for triacs and to propose calculation methods. But today snubber c ...
... When driving an inductive load, triacs are designed with RC snubber. These commutation aid networks are badly optimized in most of applications. The subject of this paper is, first of all, to analyze the functions of snubber circuits for triacs and to propose calculation methods. But today snubber c ...
Radiation-Hard/High-Speed Parallel Optical Links K.K. Gan , P. Buchholz
... excess of 1 mW coupled into a fiber. The optical eye diagram of a channel in the driver ASIC is shown in Fig. 2. It is evident that the eye diagram readily satisfies the IEEE specification with a clear separation between the signal traces and the mask [6]. We simulated the ASIC using the extracted l ...
... excess of 1 mW coupled into a fiber. The optical eye diagram of a channel in the driver ASIC is shown in Fig. 2. It is evident that the eye diagram readily satisfies the IEEE specification with a clear separation between the signal traces and the mask [6]. We simulated the ASIC using the extracted l ...
Fault tolerance
Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems.A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial failure. That is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. An example in another field is a motor vehicle designed so it will continue to be drivable if one of the tires is punctured. A structure is able to retain its integrity in the presence of damage due to causes such as fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing flaws, or impact.Within the scope of an individual system, fault tolerance can be achieved by anticipating exceptional conditions and building the system to cope with them, and, in general, aiming for self-stabilization so that the system converges towards an error-free state. However, if the consequences of a system failure are catastrophic, or the cost of making it sufficiently reliable is very high, a better solution may be to use some form of duplication. In any case, if the consequence of a system failure is so catastrophic, the system must be able to use reversion to fall back to a safe mode. This is similar to roll-back recovery but can be a human action if humans are present in the loop.