The potato NLR immune receptor R3a does not contain
... identity with R3a (Huang et al. 2004, Li et al. 2011). R3b also confers resistance to P. infestans but with a distinct recognition specificity compared to R3a (Huang et al. 2004, Li et al. 2011). R3a and R3b share their highest similarity in the CC domain (79% amino acid identity), whereas R3a and I ...
... identity with R3a (Huang et al. 2004, Li et al. 2011). R3b also confers resistance to P. infestans but with a distinct recognition specificity compared to R3a (Huang et al. 2004, Li et al. 2011). R3a and R3b share their highest similarity in the CC domain (79% amino acid identity), whereas R3a and I ...
CHAPTER 6
... The open (O) conformation is inactive and has a low affinity for ligands; the L conformation (with “loose” affinity for ligands) is also inactive; the tight (T) conformation is active and has a high affinity for ligands. Synthesis of ATP is initiated (step 1) by binding of ADP and Pi to an L site. I ...
... The open (O) conformation is inactive and has a low affinity for ligands; the L conformation (with “loose” affinity for ligands) is also inactive; the tight (T) conformation is active and has a high affinity for ligands. Synthesis of ATP is initiated (step 1) by binding of ADP and Pi to an L site. I ...
Review Structural glycobiology: A game of snakes and ladders
... Computational docking methods have evolved to help overcome difficulties in obtaining experimental 3D structures of multiple ligands to a common receptor. Docking strategies can utilize experimental or modeled protein structures to aid in the discovery new lead compounds for drug design. In the fiel ...
... Computational docking methods have evolved to help overcome difficulties in obtaining experimental 3D structures of multiple ligands to a common receptor. Docking strategies can utilize experimental or modeled protein structures to aid in the discovery new lead compounds for drug design. In the fiel ...
The goal of protein structure prediction by threading is to find a best
... In a linear representation, protein structure is modeled as a chain of residue positions that do not interact. In a second-order representation the model also includes interacting pairs of residue positions, for example, to account for hydrophobic packing, salt bridges, or hydrogen bonding. Still hi ...
... In a linear representation, protein structure is modeled as a chain of residue positions that do not interact. In a second-order representation the model also includes interacting pairs of residue positions, for example, to account for hydrophobic packing, salt bridges, or hydrogen bonding. Still hi ...
all plant protein - frequently asked questions
... Some athletes prefer to supplement their diet with whey protein because it is more rapidly emptied from the stomach resulting in a faster rise in plasma amino acids and protein synthesis. This characteristic makes whey protein especially desirable immediately before or following exercise. However, t ...
... Some athletes prefer to supplement their diet with whey protein because it is more rapidly emptied from the stomach resulting in a faster rise in plasma amino acids and protein synthesis. This characteristic makes whey protein especially desirable immediately before or following exercise. However, t ...
Review uncover the rules governing environment-driven thermal adaptation, comparative studies of related
... amino acid sequence with its counterparts that have adapted to cooler climates possibly leaving hundreds of differences among a typical set of sequences5 (Fig. 1). Which of these differences are central to the process of thermal adaptation and which are mere side effects (e.g. the results of neutral ...
... amino acid sequence with its counterparts that have adapted to cooler climates possibly leaving hundreds of differences among a typical set of sequences5 (Fig. 1). Which of these differences are central to the process of thermal adaptation and which are mere side effects (e.g. the results of neutral ...
AMPK and mTOR: Antagonist ATP Sensors
... ATPase, the outermost phosphate bond is cleaved, producing adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate ion as well as liberating 7.3 kcal of free energy to be used for work. ADP levels increase as ATP is used for energy. The body uses three energetic pathways to maintain cellular ATP levels, phospho ...
... ATPase, the outermost phosphate bond is cleaved, producing adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate ion as well as liberating 7.3 kcal of free energy to be used for work. ADP levels increase as ATP is used for energy. The body uses three energetic pathways to maintain cellular ATP levels, phospho ...
A Support Vector Machine Approach for LTP Using Amino Acid
... algorithm. The two methods which have been used for this purpose are cross validation and independent data test. Cross-validation techniques can be used to test the predictive performance of models as well as to help prevent a model being over fitted. This technique can be of various folds like 10-fo ...
... algorithm. The two methods which have been used for this purpose are cross validation and independent data test. Cross-validation techniques can be used to test the predictive performance of models as well as to help prevent a model being over fitted. This technique can be of various folds like 10-fo ...
Machine learning methods for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction
... Predict protein 3D structure from (amino acid) sequence One step closer to useful biological knowledge Sequence → secondary structure → 3D structure → function ...
... Predict protein 3D structure from (amino acid) sequence One step closer to useful biological knowledge Sequence → secondary structure → 3D structure → function ...
Although the administration of testosterone clearly causes marked
... The effect of varying the time of testosterone pretreatment from 12 hours to 3 days is illustrated in Table II. In this experiment protein specific activity from both valine-C14 and tyrosine-C04 was doubled within 12 hours and reached a maximum of a five- to sixfold increase within 1 or 2 days after ...
... The effect of varying the time of testosterone pretreatment from 12 hours to 3 days is illustrated in Table II. In this experiment protein specific activity from both valine-C14 and tyrosine-C04 was doubled within 12 hours and reached a maximum of a five- to sixfold increase within 1 or 2 days after ...
Summary
... the substitution of the conserved I-helix threonine situated in the enzyme’s active site perturbs the heme spin equilibrium in favor of the six-coordinated low spin species. The experimental observations could be explained by assuming two alterative positions for a water molecule above the heme iron ...
... the substitution of the conserved I-helix threonine situated in the enzyme’s active site perturbs the heme spin equilibrium in favor of the six-coordinated low spin species. The experimental observations could be explained by assuming two alterative positions for a water molecule above the heme iron ...
AuroFlow™ Fluoroquinolone Strip Test Kit for Meat 1102
... The AuroFlow™ Fluoroquinolone Strip Test Kit for Meat is a qualitative and rapid lateral flow assay designed to detect fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues in meat samples such as chicken and beef. This state-of-the-art test uses a broad-spectrum antibody capable of specifically detecting a range of ...
... The AuroFlow™ Fluoroquinolone Strip Test Kit for Meat is a qualitative and rapid lateral flow assay designed to detect fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues in meat samples such as chicken and beef. This state-of-the-art test uses a broad-spectrum antibody capable of specifically detecting a range of ...
Phylogeny of Geminiviruses - Journal of General Virology
... of replication-associated proteins and coat proteins, respectively, were developed from the alignments of MacDowell et al. (1985) and Stanley et al. (1986). Gaps were added as necessary to maximize similarities of additional viral sequences. Then, each sequence was compared pairwise to every other s ...
... of replication-associated proteins and coat proteins, respectively, were developed from the alignments of MacDowell et al. (1985) and Stanley et al. (1986). Gaps were added as necessary to maximize similarities of additional viral sequences. Then, each sequence was compared pairwise to every other s ...
Interacting specificity of a histidine kinase and its cognate response
... Using a yeast two-hybrid assay system, it was demonstrated that the four-helix bundle of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides PrrB histidine kinase both serves as the interaction site for the regulatory domain of its cognate response regulator PrrA and is the primary determinant of the interaction specificit ...
... Using a yeast two-hybrid assay system, it was demonstrated that the four-helix bundle of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides PrrB histidine kinase both serves as the interaction site for the regulatory domain of its cognate response regulator PrrA and is the primary determinant of the interaction specificit ...
Methodology for predicting semantic annotations of protein
... 3 Background 3.1 Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Protein synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Protein structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Protein folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.4 Protein domains and motifs . . . . ...
... 3 Background 3.1 Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Protein synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Protein structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Protein folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.4 Protein domains and motifs . . . . ...
Biochemistry
... (2) Amino acids are classified according to the characters of their R groups (3) The elements of amino acids, the content of nitrogen is relative constant ...
... (2) Amino acids are classified according to the characters of their R groups (3) The elements of amino acids, the content of nitrogen is relative constant ...
Structural biology and drug design
... than one of the following criteria 1. Not more than 5 hydrogen bond donors 2. Not more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors 3. A molecular mass below 500 Dalton (g/mol) 4. An octanol-water partition-coefficient logP not greater than 5 • These rules ensures that the compound is not too soluble and polar, ...
... than one of the following criteria 1. Not more than 5 hydrogen bond donors 2. Not more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors 3. A molecular mass below 500 Dalton (g/mol) 4. An octanol-water partition-coefficient logP not greater than 5 • These rules ensures that the compound is not too soluble and polar, ...
SN1 Question Paper Sum 2007
... (b) Two people who both have achondroplasia would like to have children together, but they are concerned about the risk of their child inheriting two achondroplasia alleles and dying before birth. (i) Name one method that could be used to obtain material suitable for use in a prenatal genetic screen ...
... (b) Two people who both have achondroplasia would like to have children together, but they are concerned about the risk of their child inheriting two achondroplasia alleles and dying before birth. (i) Name one method that could be used to obtain material suitable for use in a prenatal genetic screen ...
analyzing gene and protein sequences
... -click on any of the accession numbers displayed and you will be able to view information about that sequence such as definition, source, classification, journal articles, comments, amino acid sequence, and the nucleotide sequence. -scroll down to the bottom of the page to see the nucleotide sequenc ...
... -click on any of the accession numbers displayed and you will be able to view information about that sequence such as definition, source, classification, journal articles, comments, amino acid sequence, and the nucleotide sequence. -scroll down to the bottom of the page to see the nucleotide sequenc ...
Analysis - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Our survey of Drosophila protein kinases and phosphatases is based on the total set of predicted proteins that were identified in the Drosophila genome using automated gene predictor methods (Adams et al., 2000; available at http://www.celera.com). The 13,601 predicted fly proteins were surveyed for ...
... Our survey of Drosophila protein kinases and phosphatases is based on the total set of predicted proteins that were identified in the Drosophila genome using automated gene predictor methods (Adams et al., 2000; available at http://www.celera.com). The 13,601 predicted fly proteins were surveyed for ...
How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature
... elasticity is characterized by the elastic moduli, such as the bending moduli of the membrane monolayer, κm, and bilayer, κB, the moduli of the Gaussian curvature of the monolayer and bilayer, κ m and κ B , respectively, the membrane stretching modulus, Г (see Supplementary information S1 (box) and ...
... elasticity is characterized by the elastic moduli, such as the bending moduli of the membrane monolayer, κm, and bilayer, κB, the moduli of the Gaussian curvature of the monolayer and bilayer, κ m and κ B , respectively, the membrane stretching modulus, Г (see Supplementary information S1 (box) and ...
Investigation of the enzymatic processes depending on the ty
... competes with arginine for binding to trypsin ...
... competes with arginine for binding to trypsin ...
Breast Cancer: FISH for ERBB2 (HER2)
... Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the current challenges are to find prognostic and predictive marker to assist in clinical management. Proteins on the tumour surface used for targeted therapies have shown clinical benefits. Amplification and over-expression of the ERBB2 (HER2) oncogene o ...
... Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the current challenges are to find prognostic and predictive marker to assist in clinical management. Proteins on the tumour surface used for targeted therapies have shown clinical benefits. Amplification and over-expression of the ERBB2 (HER2) oncogene o ...
Codrea_Biochem_07 - The University of Texas at Austin
... whites, but made by the Streptomyces avidinii bacteria. Streptavidin binds tightly to the vitamin D-biotin, and forms one of the strongest naturally-occurring non-covalent interactions between a protein and an organic ligand, with a dissociation constant (Kd) on the magnitude of 10-15 M. ...
... whites, but made by the Streptomyces avidinii bacteria. Streptavidin binds tightly to the vitamin D-biotin, and forms one of the strongest naturally-occurring non-covalent interactions between a protein and an organic ligand, with a dissociation constant (Kd) on the magnitude of 10-15 M. ...
MOLECULAR BASIS FOR MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID
... of phosphate-containing lipids that are the lipid A-based (β, 10 -6-linked disaccharide of glucosamine decorated with six fatty acids and two phosphates) portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (22) and make up the outer lipid monolayer of the outer membrane (23); phospholipids make up the inner monolay ...
... of phosphate-containing lipids that are the lipid A-based (β, 10 -6-linked disaccharide of glucosamine decorated with six fatty acids and two phosphates) portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (22) and make up the outer lipid monolayer of the outer membrane (23); phospholipids make up the inner monolay ...
Western blot
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native proteins by 3-D structure or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide. The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are stained with antibodies specific to the target protein. The gel electrophoresis step is included in western blot analysis to resolve the issue of the cross-reactivity of antibodies.There are many reagent companies that specialize in providing antibodies (both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) against tens of thousands of different proteins. Commercial antibodies can be expensive, although the unbound antibody can be reused between experiments. This method is used in the fields of molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines. A number of search engines, such as CiteAb, Antibodypedia, and SeekProducts, are available that can help researchers find suitable antibodies for use in western blotting.Other related techniques include dot blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry where antibodies are used to detect proteins in tissues and cells by immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The method originated in the laboratory of Harry Towbin at the Friedrich Miescher Institute. The name western blot was given to the technique by W. Neal Burnette and is a play on the name Southern blot, a technique for DNA detection developed earlier by Edwin Southern. Detection of RNA is termed northern blot and was developed by George Stark at Stanford.