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IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) ISSN: 2278-3008.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) ISSN: 2278-3008.

Peptide-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery
Peptide-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery

... peptide should selectively bind to the cell surface receptors on the target cells. Second, the receptor should be expressed only on the target cells or the expression should be higher in the target cells than in the nontargeted cells. Third, the peptide carrier should be sufficiently stable in the sy ...
PDF 604 (Kb)
PDF 604 (Kb)

... determine what direction to follow. They thus frequently extend or retract branches, and change direction when receiving attractive or repulsive signals. Nevertheless, the leading process dynamics appears crucial for both migrating pyramidal cells and interneurons as altering this dynamics is associ ...
Cutek CD33 Naked Paint Stripper
Cutek CD33 Naked Paint Stripper

... Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. ...
The Effectiveness of Diphenhydramine (a sleeping pill) on Mice
The Effectiveness of Diphenhydramine (a sleeping pill) on Mice

... disrupts normal sleep-wake cycles. In my study, the mouse (Mus musculus) will be used as the study model to determine the effectiveness of diphenhydramine. There is limited literature that is associated with diphenhydramine and rodents. However, there in one study that focused on the sedative effect ...
Registration Examination Sample Papers Spring 2011  Closed Book
Registration Examination Sample Papers Spring 2011 Closed Book

... This patient’s frontal headache may suggest sinusitis or nasal congestion. Sympathomimetic decongestants are often used to treat sinusitis, but because of their vasoconstrictor effects, they should be avoided by patients with hypertension. Paracetamol is usually first line. This is based on historic ...
The Psychological and Physical Side Effects of Pain Medications
The Psychological and Physical Side Effects of Pain Medications

The Psychological and Physical Side Effects of Pain Medications
The Psychological and Physical Side Effects of Pain Medications

... circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors. Addiction is characterized by inability to consistent ...
ZYBAN (bupropion hydrochloride) Sustained-Release
ZYBAN (bupropion hydrochloride) Sustained-Release

... and/or the emergence of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) or unusual changes in behavior, whether or not they are taking antidepressant medications, and this risk may persist until significant remission occurs. Suicide is a known risk of depression and certain other psychiatric disorders, ...
Making a Killing
Making a Killing

... and adults. SSRIs also double the risk of stillbirths, babies of low birth weight and foetal malformations in women who take them during pregnancy. Concentrating on the good news not only pays off for the drug makers, it also means a big payday for publishers of scientific journals. Dr Richard Smith ...
- International Journal of Advanced Biological and
- International Journal of Advanced Biological and

... Methenamine salts are therapeutic agents and have bactericidal effect. Most gram-positive and gramnegative pathogens are susceptible (Sweetman et al. 2009; Ahrens and Martin 2013; Al-Badr and AlShaikh 2013; Hickling and Nitti 2013). In many countries such as, United States, Austria, Polish, Canada, ...
Practicalities in the Use of Obesity Pharmacologic Agents
Practicalities in the Use of Obesity Pharmacologic Agents

... • Begin with low dose for 2 wks phentermine 3.75/ topiramate ER 23 • Advance to treatment dose phentermine 7.5/ topiramate ER 46 • If <3% weight loss after 12 wks, either discontinue or advance to full dose phentermine 15/ topiramate ER 92 (transition dose phentermine 11.25/ topiramate ER 69 for 2 w ...
Chapter 20 Media Directory Alzheimer`s Disease Amyotrophic
Chapter 20 Media Directory Alzheimer`s Disease Amyotrophic

... • Assess baseline vitals • Monitor for hypotension • Monitor for change in mental status or mood • Monitor for dizziness, insomnia, anorexia • Clients with narrow-angle glaucoma should not take revastigmine (Exelon) ...
Systematic Review of Treatment for Amphetamine
Systematic Review of Treatment for Amphetamine

... accumbens, is generally believed to be the most important action of cocaine, it is generally agreed that enhancing the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is of major importance in mediating amphetamines reinforcing and psychomotor stimulant effects (Altman et al, 1996). While other types o ...
Review Article Pro- and Anticonvulsant Effects of Anesthetics (Part 11)
Review Article Pro- and Anticonvulsant Effects of Anesthetics (Part 11)

... Stanski D, Saidman L, Meathe E. A model for studying depth of previous sleep and awake EEGs of these epileptics anesthesia and acute tolerance to thiopental. Anesthesiology 1983; (53). Methohexital has never been demonstrated to 59:301-8, with permission.) provoke either EEG or clinical seizure acti ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

Minireviews Cracking the Egg: Potential of the Developing Chicken
Minireviews Cracking the Egg: Potential of the Developing Chicken

... at the same time in one embryo—in line with the goal of reduction. In this respect, the chicken embryo model could serve as a replacement for other perinatal and juvenile animal models. However, the experimental use of embryonic stages is no longer considered an acceptable replacement for adult anim ...
Atropine
Atropine

... Atropine is well distributed throughout the body. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and has a large apparent volume of distribution (2 to 4 L/kg). It is metabolised in the liver to several metabolites and excreted mainly in the urine. Atropine has a plasma half-life of 2–3 hours. Following intramus ...
Fluoxetin Mylan dispersible tablet ENG SmPC
Fluoxetin Mylan dispersible tablet ENG SmPC

... Withdrawal symptoms seen on discontinuation of SSRI treatment: Withdrawal symptoms when treatment is discontinued are common, particularly if discontinuation is abrupt (see section 4.8). In clinical trials adverse reactions seen on treatment discontinuation occurred in approximately 60 % of patients ...
Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1 - cannabis
Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1 - cannabis

BASS &amp; ULLMAN, I?G.
BASS & ULLMAN, I?G.

... This same argument for continued OTC availability of bronchodilators was discussed in a recent article in the FDA’s own consumer publication, the FDA Consumer which was published after the 1995 proposal to reclassify ephedrine as a prescription drug: Both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) shor ...
Gtts, Ungs, Tabs - Heart of America Contact Lens Society
Gtts, Ungs, Tabs - Heart of America Contact Lens Society

...  OTC, BID, many additional names out there, stings, not always as effective, but cheaper than most  ALOCRIL, ALOMIDE, cromolyn  Less often used, have to be dosed QID ...
“muscle builder” supplements
“muscle builder” supplements

... marketed as dietary supplements. In 1994, the US Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act that essentially defines a dietary supplement as any product that contains a vitamin; a mineral; an amino acid; an herb or other botanical; or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, ext ...
Treatment Guidelines for the Pharmacological Management of Pain
Treatment Guidelines for the Pharmacological Management of Pain

... elimination, such as lidocaine and opioid analgesics, will be increased. The presence of chronic hepatic disease will generally require reductions in drug dosages or longer intervals between doses to prevent increased plasma concentrations and a higher risk of side effects. Reduced renal function, p ...
Medications and Myasthenia Gravis - Myasthenia Gravis Foundation
Medications and Myasthenia Gravis - Myasthenia Gravis Foundation

... in patients presenting with respiratory failure.17 Myasthenia is reported to occur in from 1% to 7% of all patients on penicillamine.18,19 One group found MG in 5 out of 71 consecutive patients with penicillamine-treated rheumatoid arthritis within a two year period.19 The frequency of MG from penic ...
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Psychopharmacology



Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.
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