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Presentation sentences in fiction and academic prose: a syntactico
Presentation sentences in fiction and academic prose: a syntactico

... semantic character of the presentation verb and in the semantic affinity it displays with its subject. From the syntactic viewpoint, the sentential architecture of presentation sentences is examined as well as the distribution of the syntactic realisations in text. The study also offers results as r ...
View PDF
View PDF

... dependent node2, etc., then the closing square bracket (‘]’). The requirements on the part-ofspeech and morphemic characteristics of individual nodes are written in a shorthand form (by means of a single character for each category) after the dividing symbol ´.´ (full stop) or ´:´ (colon) in the fol ...
The verbal valency in the Prague Dependency Treebank
The verbal valency in the Prague Dependency Treebank

... dependent node2, etc., then the closing square bracket (‘]’). The requirements on the part-ofspeech and morphemic characteristics of individual nodes are written in a shorthand form (by means of a single character for each category) after the dividing symbol ´.´ (full stop) or ´:´ (colon) in the fol ...
grammaticalization and the semantic
grammaticalization and the semantic

... Modal verbs in English and German have two main uses. One of these uses, commonly known as deontic, concerns conditions of the subject. The other use, epistemic, focuses on the speaker’s attitude towards the proposition. These disparate uses have not always existed in English and German; they are th ...
English_Usage(VistaMind) - mba-prep
English_Usage(VistaMind) - mba-prep

... The Section of Verbal Ability in CAT tests your grasp of English grammar, English syntax and English diction through 15 questions featured in its English section. These questions do not occur as a single group in the CAT, but are interspersed among questions on Reading Comprehension and Logical Reas ...
Georgi Kapchits Sentence particles in the Somali language and their
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... The copulative conjunction iyo – ‘and’ only connects nouns (wiil iyo gabadh – a boy and a girl; shan iyo toban – five and ten, i.e. fifteen). The conjunction ama – ‘or’ can link nouns: (3) Guriga ama xafiiska kaalay – Come home or to the office. The complex conjunction ama…ama – ‘either…or’ can con ...
Tagging and Parsing Icelandic Text
Tagging and Parsing Icelandic Text

... Chapter 1 Introduction It has been predicted that, in the future, the main method of communication between humans and computers (or other processing devices) will be natural language (NL), in both spoken and written forms. This, indeed, seems evident; since we humans communicate most easily with on ...
PropBank Annotation Guidelines - Computational Language and
PropBank Annotation Guidelines - Computational Language and

... Arg0: Portfolio managers REL: expect Arg1: further declines in interest rates For some verbs, it is impossible to provide one set of semantic roles for all senses of the verb. For example, the two senses of the verb ‘leave’ in the examples below take different arguments: Mary left the room Mary lef ...
Phrase particles in the Somali language
Phrase particles in the Somali language

... The copulative conjunction iyo – ‘and’ only connects nouns (wiil iyo gabadh – a boy and a girl; shan iyo toban – five and ten, i.e. fifteen). The conjunction ama – ‘or’ can link nouns: (3) Guriga ama xafiiska kaalay – Come home or to the office. The complex conjunction ama…ama – ‘either…or’ can con ...
Indexed Stems and Russian Word Formation
Indexed Stems and Russian Word Formation

... same way as ΚΟΤΌΝΟΚ in (4) above, since they display three distinct shapes throughout their paradigms. Taking the regular first-conjugation verbs am(o) 'love' and laud(o) 'praise', Table 2 shows how the stems are distributed among the present infinitive active, the perfect active, and the perfect pa ...
Morphological phrasemes and Totonacan verbal morphology*
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... (1c). In other words, these markers can be assigned specific individual mean­ ings, but when they come together, the meaning of the combination is different from the regular sum of these individual meanings. On the level of phrases (that is, multi-word expressions) this kind of treatment is routine ...
Fulltext  - UoN Repository
Fulltext - UoN Repository

... employs Basic Linguistic Theory and Nurse’s Conceptual Frame Work in the analysis of the distribution and interaction of tense and aspect on the verb phrase in Bemba. The background to the Bemba language of Zambia and to the study is given. The tenets of the Basic linguistic theory and Nurse’s Conce ...
Lessons in Colloquial Hindustani for Fiji
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... .t May refer to an act in the immediate ...
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Chapter 3 Stress and prosody
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... on another pattern. A single lexeme may be assigned stress on one pattern by some speakers, and on another by others. This variation occurs even to the extent that a single lexeme may be assigned stress variably by a single speaker. In elicitation of citation forms a single speaker may give a lexeme ...
B  ARE ADJECTIVES AS SYNCRETIC FORMS Avel·lina Suñer
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... describe the properties of these unagreed adjectives and of the syntactic environments that house them, specifically focusing on bare adjectives that are within the SV domain. Moreover, we will explain the syncretic and epiphenomenal character of these forms, which appear in many different construct ...
The ellipsis alternation: remnants with and without prepositions
The ellipsis alternation: remnants with and without prepositions

... The data I collected for this study come from three corpora of spoken American English: the Switchboard corpus (henceforth S), Santa Barbara (henceforth SB) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (henceforth COCA). I first extracted all wh-phrases from the first two corpora and then identif ...
written ambonese malay, 1895–1992
written ambonese malay, 1895–1992

... (1983a) notes that the assimilation of schwa is a regular sound change in Bacan Malay, and Collins (pers. comm.) believes that an earlier form of AM was similar to Bacan Malay in this regard. The words with /a/ would then be borrowings from another Low Malay, probably Makasar Malay, since (a) this i ...
Reflexive and Reciprocal Constructions in Modern Irish
Reflexive and Reciprocal Constructions in Modern Irish

... Irish does not lend itself to a binary tree structural account of grammatical relations without substantial re-arrangement of the constituents to enable the c-command machinery to work. Such transformations operate with a base word order of SVO upon which the transformations are applied in a procedu ...
Call - Verbs Index
Call - Verbs Index

... Arg0 = proto-typical agent (Dowty) Arg1 = proto-typical patient Arg2 = indirect object / benefactive / instrument / attribute / end state Arg3 = start point / benefactive / instrument / attribute Arg4 = end point ...
- 1 - Adpositions from nouns, one way or another Das war `ne heiße
- 1 - Adpositions from nouns, one way or another Das war `ne heiße

... Whether simple or more complex, the interjection with trotz is NOT syntactically or semantically integrated with the clause to which it adds emphasis and emotional flavour. It typically precedes and very rarely follows this clause, and sometimes appears interjected in between two clauses equally app ...
anaphora in English and Arabic
anaphora in English and Arabic

... Moreover , lexical relationship as an anaphoric device means to use synonyms whose meaning may be either broader or narrower than that of the word replaced . It is also effective to avoid monotonousity if the chain is extended as well as to avoid the impression of limited vocabulary . the lexical re ...
Polish numerals and quantifiers: A syntactic analysis of subject‐verb
Polish numerals and quantifiers: A syntactic analysis of subject‐verb

... Chomsky (2000, 2001). In Polish, the presence of numerals and quantifiers leads to so-called “agreement mismatches” – the phi-features on the probe and the goal differ unexpectedly, i.e. there is a mismatch in features. Additionally, they lead to interesting patterns of case assignment, such as a sh ...
Choices for Writers: Grammar and Style
Choices for Writers: Grammar and Style

... work, at church, and among peers and friends than they use in the classroom. All of these are uniquely important languages and forms of expression that can be successfully woven into one’s academic voice for originality, emphasis, and authenticity, among other reasons. That is because grammar and pu ...
Boyer`s Relative Clauses in the Greek New Testament: A Statistical
Boyer`s Relative Clauses in the Greek New Testament: A Statistical

... Adjectival relative clauses may be descriptive or restrictive (identifying), just as other adjectives. Adjectival clauses are descriptive when they ascribe a quality or attribute to the antecedent, and restrictive when they define or identify the antecedent. The two categories are not mutually exclu ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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