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“The Use of the Gerund in the English Language and ways of its
“The Use of the Gerund in the English Language and ways of its

... The gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses an action or a state of being. ...
Thoughts on grammaticalization
Thoughts on grammaticalization

... example is the development of the Latin preposition ad ‘at, towards’ into the Spanish direct object marker a. It must be made clear at the outset that this treatment is preliminary, incomplete and imperfect. It presents little more than what has been found out in the two centuries in which the subje ...
Idiomatic variants and synonymous idioms in English
Idiomatic variants and synonymous idioms in English

... Idiomatic variants are idioms having the same contents and grammatical structures or having different components belonging to the same field of meaning. 2.2. What is meant by “synonymous idioms”? Synonymy (synonymia in ancient Egyptian) means “the same name” and displays the relationship between two ...
Thoughts on grammaticalization
Thoughts on grammaticalization

... example is the development of the Latin preposition ad ‘at, towards’ into the Spanish direct object marker a. It must be made clear at the outset that this treatment is preliminary, incomplete and imperfect. It presents little more than what has been found out in the two centuries in which the subje ...
- IOE EPrints
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... complex set of visual and motor skills, but also new lexical items and different syntactical structures as the colloquial tends to eliminate such Standard Arabic features as the use of inflectional endings on nouns and verbs. Accuracy in written Standard Arabic takes an effort to achieve. ...
IEA Style Guide - IEA: Publications
IEA Style Guide - IEA: Publications

... verbs also differ between the two countries. For example, the past tense and past participle versions of the verbs burn, learn, dream, and spoil are burnt, learnt, dreamt, and spoilt in UK English but burned, learned, dreamed, and spoiled in US English. For more guidance on these differences and the ...
DESIGNING SYNTACTIC REPRESENTATIONS FOR NLP: AN
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... been amazing to be part of this university and this community, and I’ve been so unbelievably lucky to have the chance to come here and learn as much as I did. I hope the reader will forgive my overuse of superlatives—they are my attempt to do justice to an experience that was itself superlative. I c ...
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... A special debt of gratitude is due Mr. Ngong George Bwei Kum. George’s assistance to linguists working in Cameroon dates back to 1979, when he assisted members of the the Grassfields Bantu Working Group, including Jean-Marie Hombert and Larry Hyman, as a Naki consultant. Data from “Mekaf” reported i ...
Ch 10 - CSU, Chico
Ch 10 - CSU, Chico

... Notice that in the examples, the verb in the main clause I will be so happy is in the simple future, and the verb in the adverbial clause when I finally finish studying is in the simple present. You might recall this patter from our earlier discussion of the conditionals; it is the same pattern used f ...
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... a. X has been around the block a few times (‘X is very experienced’) b. X has had it (‘X is done/has lost all patience’) c. X has gone to the dogs (‘X has declined in quality’) ...
Mangani Grammar
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... Mangani has special rules describing the grammar of the language because its limited amplitude, which does not permit the comparison with a grammatical structure as found in English or Spanish. These rules enclose the main structure of the Mangani language and the way you can express any sentence wi ...
SPECIFICITY AND DIFFERENTIAL OBJECT MARKING IN SPANISH
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... referent is fixed or determined by being functionally linked to the speaker or to a referential expression contained in the same sentence: for instance, in a sentence like William didn’t see a book (von Heusinger 2002: 271), there are two specific interpretations of the indefinite DP, one of them an ...
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... A superlative adjective compare more than two nouns. Examples: strongest, most careful, happiest, most generous. Most one syllable adjectives form their comparative and superlative degrees by adding "er" and "est" to the end of the word. Some two-syllable adjectives form their comparative and superl ...
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... A superlative adjective compare more than two nouns. Examples: strongest, most careful, happiest, most generous. Most one syllable adjectives form their comparative and superlative degrees by adding "er" and "est" to the end of the word. Some two-syllable adjectives form their comparative and superl ...
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lm-8-answer-key - Hillside Education

... away from conference thinking his paper is fine because you praised this or that; he must tell you what will be changed so you know if he got it). If the paper has serious flaws in organization or logic, you can say, “What I think will improve this paper is if you try _____.” Or “Why don’t you try ...
The evolution of number in Otomi
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... opposition, but the dual became an unstable value in the breaking up of the old dialectal continuum. The instability is witnessed in that some of the modern languages stray considerably from the original situation, while others have preserved it. What is typologically interesting about the dual in O ...
Grammar and Language Workbook - ESL
Grammar and Language Workbook - ESL

... The family eats dinner together every night. (singular) The council vote as they wish on the pay increase. (plural) 6. A possessive noun shows possession, ownership, or the relationship between two nouns. Monica’s book the rabbit’s ears the hamster’s cage ...
A GRAMMAR OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH
A GRAMMAR OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH

... criteria but always on political, economic, and demographic ones. Native, second, and foreign language 1.3 English is the world's most widely used language. It is useful to distinguish three primary categories of use: as a native language, as a second language, and as a foreign language. English is ...
The Clausal Complementation Portal
The Clausal Complementation Portal

... direct objects describing what is uttered (e.g., some words). These include say, mention, claim, state, utter, reply, answer, ask, and so forth. These verbs express hopes and desires. The object of hope or desire can be a state of affairs or a concrete object or situation or abstract principle. Engl ...
THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
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... objects (e.g. large, blue, simple, clever, economic, progressive, productive, etc) and, hence, qualifying nouns. Adjectives in English do not change for number or case. The only grammatical category they have is the degrees of comparison. They are also characterized by functions in the sentence [22] ...
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THE USE OF THE PRETERITE AND THE PRESENT PERFECT IN

... In most of the cases, the present perfect is used in English when referring to events or states that have an impact on the present point of time. In the German originals, the present perfect is used in the same way. However, in addition there are a high number of cases where the present perfect refe ...
How to Use the Holt Handbook CD
How to Use the Holt Handbook CD

... eastern Canada) by the British in 1755. When some of these displaced people settled in the [2] Atchafalaya Basin in southeastern Louisiana, they had to invent [3] ways to use local foods in their traditional French recipes. If you’ve never tried Cajun food, the crawfish in this picture may be unfami ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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