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Capitalization
Capitalization

... postpone," is a two-word phrasal verb (a verb of two or more words). One-word verbs, helping verbs, and phrasal verbs are always capitalized. • Off is also capped in the third sentence because the word functions as an adjective in that title, and adjectives are always capitalized. ...
Final Review PowerPoint
Final Review PowerPoint

...  All forms of the infinitives per conjugation (see list on page 149)  Alternate future infinitive of sum: fore = futūrus/a/um esse (page 149 & 164)  Note the infinitives of deponent verbs and, as always, their passive forms, but active meanings (page 149)  Verbs which introduce indirect statemen ...
The oldest of my two friends had just got his
The oldest of my two friends had just got his

... kind of name – neutral or negative) name, it will be called the A1 when it goes on sale in 2009. It may be small (describes size – negative/ neutral) but it is unmistakeably an Audi with the oversized (describes size – usually negative, but quite positive here for those who like the typical present ...
Glossary - Writing.Rocks
Glossary - Writing.Rocks

... never shoveled, the word mother is the dangling modifier. It’s intended to modify I, but the sentence contains no such word. Mother is left dangling. It has no choice but to modify the only noun in sight, sidewalk, creating a ridiculous pairing—unless the sidewalk has, in fact, spawned eight little ...
chapter eleven: infinitives and gerunds
chapter eleven: infinitives and gerunds

... (Note that after a passive form of "to make," generally suggesting obligation, a complete infinitive must be used.) They were made to wash their own cups after the meal. 11.1.7 It is very often used after the verbs of perception, "to see," "to hear" and "to feel," although a present participle is al ...
Katharina Haude - Hal-SHS
Katharina Haude - Hal-SHS

... 2010). They have aspectual (Aktionsart) and sometimes modal connotations. In the following discussion, however, I will focus on their voicemarking property, i.e. the way in which they assign arguments to the verb. 3.1. Transitive voice markers: direct and inverse As was shown in 2.1 above, transitiv ...
The Cross-Linguistic Function of Obligatory `do
The Cross-Linguistic Function of Obligatory `do

... consequence of other grammatical factors, which are characterized in terms of their functions. There are, however, cases where the ‘do’-element itself encodes functions directly. These will not be included in the present discussion. In its lexical use ‘do’ is transitive as well as active. In some la ...
Lessons and Work_ 0821 to 0824
Lessons and Work_ 0821 to 0824

... Mary Maloney was told some shocking news by her husband. He was then killed by Mary with a frozen leg of lamb. The house was thoroughly searched by the police, but nothing suspicious was found by them. Mary and the grocer were carefully questioned by detectives. The dreadful leg of lamb was cooked b ...
Document
Document

... Their ...
+ infinitive
+ infinitive

... There are still other nouns which do not admit of an infinitive as post-modifier; a "preposition + -ing" is normally used, e.g. There is no hope of winning the game. ...
Guidelines for the annotation of Old English
Guidelines for the annotation of Old English

... As regards word classes, the problems we experienced mostly had to do with the ‘small’ function words, such as prepositions, conjuctions, pronouns, determiners and quantifiers. Below, the word classes are presented, and comments on various problem words are made, where relevant. 2.1.1 Verb Verbs are ...
Primary_6
Primary_6

... F1.2.1 Compare and use the three kinds of verbs-action verbs, linking verbs, and helping verbs; F1.2.2 Specify and use ‘participles’ and usage of ‘is/are and was/there’ correctly in sentences. ...
English Exocentric Compounds - Victoria University of Wellington
English Exocentric Compounds - Victoria University of Wellington

... Wortgebildetheit ‘the analysis of complex words’ seems to be one of them. If we look at the synchronic structure of the English lexicon, forms like showoff appear to be compounds, in that they are made up of two independent lexemes.1 If we look at the way in which this situation arose, we may come t ...
English-‐Spanish Helpful Handouts – For English
English-‐Spanish Helpful Handouts – For English

... In this sentence, the reflexive pronoun se acts as a direct object. To determine the direct object, find out whom or what is the subject acting upon. In this case, ask this question: ´:KRPLVKHZDVKLQJ"µ The answer is: ´KimVHOIµ. Now look at this sentence: Él se lava la cara. In this sentence, the ...
Gerunds without phrase structure
Gerunds without phrase structure

... much more normal, and bare subjects may even be rejected (suggesting a somewhat more archaic grammar, as we shall see below). If this is true, it may explain why discussions of gerunds by American linguists have tended to take the possessive subject as the normal pattern (as witness the name ‘POSS-I ...
Relational Words - Kathy Hirsh
Relational Words - Kathy Hirsh

... are generally harder to learn than words from other lexical classes such as nouns; Golinkoff and colleagues (1996) built on this framework. First, verbs are polysemous. They are more likely to have multiple meanings than nouns. For example, Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary (1998) has over 72 entries for ...
Exemplar-learning and schematization in a usage
Exemplar-learning and schematization in a usage

... of this, these categories are graded with fuzzy boundaries so that they are not necessarily linearly separable from other categories. That is, there is no obvious way to determine to which category marginal members belong simply by comparing features or behavior. A number of linguists have since pre ...
More Sentence Errors
More Sentence Errors

... first part of the sentence, whether grammatically or semantically. • This term serves a general category for sentences that do not make sense. ...
PSSA 5th Grade WRITING Eligible Content
PSSA 5th Grade WRITING Eligible Content

... 2. Betty has taught for ten years. (present perfect) The implication in (1) is that Betty has retired; in (2), that she is still teaching. 1. John did his homework. He can go to the movies. 2. If John has done his homework, he can go to the movies. Infinitives, too, have perfect tense forms when com ...
How motion verbs are special
How motion verbs are special

... The distinction between the two kinds of meaning is reflected in the set of verb classes that can be identified. The templatic meaning gives us one general verb class: the class of verbs that share this templatic information as part of their meanings. This is a distinct and clearly demarcated class, ...
FW: compound sentences   The Compound Sentence The
FW: compound sentences The Compound Sentence The

... with the intention of allowing him or her to choose a future path from among things like rice, indicating that there would always be food on the table; noodles which were meant to insure a long life; dried red dates, placed on a dish, that expressed a silent wish for that baby to grow up to bear man ...
Chapter 24: The Uses of Participles
Chapter 24: The Uses of Participles

... absolute is “absolute” from the main sentence, meaning it’s not a constituent in it. (3) The passive periphrastic carries a sense of obligation or necessity, best translated as “must, have to.” (4) The passive periphrastic expects a dative of agent (with no preposition). This chapter marks an import ...
Bound nominal roots in Waorani
Bound nominal roots in Waorani

... are considered by some to represent two poles of a continuum (Tuggy 1992). At any rate, prototypical suffixes attach to a single syntactic category and encode grammatical rather than lexical information. Prototypical roots, on the other hand, encode lexical information. As stated above, the Waorani ...
Parts of sentence
Parts of sentence

... The subject is built around the noun "piece," with the other words of the subject -- "a" and "of pepperoni pizza" -- modifying the noun. "Piece" is the simple subject. Likewise, a predicate has at its centre a simple predicate, which is always the verb or verbs that link up with the subject. In the ...
Appendix C - ekmekci.com
Appendix C - ekmekci.com

... suffixes are introduced in the word-building exercises. In making use of the rules for any one prefix of suffix, try to apply the first rule first; if the first one is not applicable, go on to the next one. Follow the same procedure until you come to the rule that applies to the word to which you wa ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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