pages 213–231 - Stanford University
... may be subject to further affixation (such that the non-stem parts of the two copies differ in form). We will adopt an approach here which copies on the basis of finegrained semantic similarity, rather than surface phonological form, using Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS). To begin, the semantics o ...
... may be subject to further affixation (such that the non-stem parts of the two copies differ in form). We will adopt an approach here which copies on the basis of finegrained semantic similarity, rather than surface phonological form, using Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS). To begin, the semantics o ...
Development of the Term Hedges
... membership of a predicate or a noun phrase. They then explained that in accordance with Lakkoff’s main concern, however, the term later been defined, for example by Brown and Levinson as a particle, word or phrase that modifies the degree of membership that is partial or true only in certain respect ...
... membership of a predicate or a noun phrase. They then explained that in accordance with Lakkoff’s main concern, however, the term later been defined, for example by Brown and Levinson as a particle, word or phrase that modifies the degree of membership that is partial or true only in certain respect ...
The Use of the Participle in Latin The Circumstantial Participle The
... In Latin, however, regular participles are rarely employed in an attributive sense; instead, they have a predicative force, actively stating something about the noun they modify. As a result, they function as the equivalent of a subordinate clause, and are often best translated in this way, both for ...
... In Latin, however, regular participles are rarely employed in an attributive sense; instead, they have a predicative force, actively stating something about the noun they modify. As a result, they function as the equivalent of a subordinate clause, and are often best translated in this way, both for ...
On Verb-Initial and Verb-Final Word Orders in Lokaa.
... consistently say ‘Ubi sold a cup’ but ‘Ubi a fish ate.’ But Lokaa is not like this, nor is any other known language. Nor does Lokaa allow sentences like ‘Ubi sold a cup’ and ‘Ubi a cup sold’ in free variation. Rather, which order of verb and object one finds in Lokaa is clearly conditioned by how t ...
... consistently say ‘Ubi sold a cup’ but ‘Ubi a fish ate.’ But Lokaa is not like this, nor is any other known language. Nor does Lokaa allow sentences like ‘Ubi sold a cup’ and ‘Ubi a cup sold’ in free variation. Rather, which order of verb and object one finds in Lokaa is clearly conditioned by how t ...
PDF Version
... notes by J.R.R. Tolkien (spanning the late 1950s to 1972) concerning Elvish reincarnation and related metaphysical matters, and recently published by editor Michaël Devaux as Fragments on Elvish Reincarnation in the volume J.R.R. Tolkien, l’éffigie des Elfes (La Feuille de la Compagnie, Cahier d’étu ...
... notes by J.R.R. Tolkien (spanning the late 1950s to 1972) concerning Elvish reincarnation and related metaphysical matters, and recently published by editor Michaël Devaux as Fragments on Elvish Reincarnation in the volume J.R.R. Tolkien, l’éffigie des Elfes (La Feuille de la Compagnie, Cahier d’étu ...
Second Grade Narrative Rubric
... uses transition words without events A few illegible words Uses incorrect word order Uses some incomplete sentences Uses adjectives and adverbs inappropriately or not at all Uses verb tenses and plural nouns ...
... uses transition words without events A few illegible words Uses incorrect word order Uses some incomplete sentences Uses adjectives and adverbs inappropriately or not at all Uses verb tenses and plural nouns ...
10 Basic Clause Patterns
... indefinite number of clauses. Second, in actual communication, shorter utterances are usually reconstructed and understood by reference to clauses. For instance, over here might be understood as I’m over here or Shine the light over here. The grammatical importance of clauses probably reflects the f ...
... indefinite number of clauses. Second, in actual communication, shorter utterances are usually reconstructed and understood by reference to clauses. For instance, over here might be understood as I’m over here or Shine the light over here. The grammatical importance of clauses probably reflects the f ...
Parts of Speech Parts of Speech
... Circle the pronoun in each sentence. Write S if it is a subject pronoun and O if it is an object pronoun. ______ 1. We learned about Amelia Earhart in history class. ______ 2. People all over the world admired her. ______ 3. She was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. ...
... Circle the pronoun in each sentence. Write S if it is a subject pronoun and O if it is an object pronoun. ______ 1. We learned about Amelia Earhart in history class. ______ 2. People all over the world admired her. ______ 3. She was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Essay Strategies Toolkit Preview
... Directions: Identify the number of the conclusion strategy in the space provided before the sentences in the conclusion paragraphs that follow. Also, label TR for the thesis re-statement in the space provided. 1. Synthesis of Main Points—Sentences that pull together the points proven in the essay to ...
... Directions: Identify the number of the conclusion strategy in the space provided before the sentences in the conclusion paragraphs that follow. Also, label TR for the thesis re-statement in the space provided. 1. Synthesis of Main Points—Sentences that pull together the points proven in the essay to ...
Antisymmetry
... Another (fairly well-known) property of Irish (the canonical VSO language) is that when there is no subject, the verb shows agreement—whereas when there is a subject, the verb does not show agreement. ...
... Another (fairly well-known) property of Irish (the canonical VSO language) is that when there is no subject, the verb shows agreement—whereas when there is a subject, the verb does not show agreement. ...
Nina`s slides on Goldberg 2005
... semantic properties associated with the respective slots in an argument structure construction. ...
... semantic properties associated with the respective slots in an argument structure construction. ...
Adjectives Modify Nouns
... thee rules. They change form considerably from one degree to the next. You need to study these changes carefully in order to recognize them easily. List of irregular adjectives. ...
... thee rules. They change form considerably from one degree to the next. You need to study these changes carefully in order to recognize them easily. List of irregular adjectives. ...
Dokument_1.
... Crucial support for the association of word order patterns with types of rhetorical relations as done above comes from the kind of temporal order between the sentences as one of the most important criteria in distinguishing coordination vs. subordination outlined in Asher and View (2005). In the cas ...
... Crucial support for the association of word order patterns with types of rhetorical relations as done above comes from the kind of temporal order between the sentences as one of the most important criteria in distinguishing coordination vs. subordination outlined in Asher and View (2005). In the cas ...
PREPS - Academic English Online
... Proper Nouns – Sarah, Richard, England, France Pronouns – us, you, her, him Gerund – swimming Noun Group – my first job ...
... Proper Nouns – Sarah, Richard, England, France Pronouns – us, you, her, him Gerund – swimming Noun Group – my first job ...
C86-1141 - Association for Computational Linguistics
... !.1. Spelling-to-sound conversion The first problem encountered in synthesizing speech from written text is that of spelling-to-sound conversion. Certain languages are much easier than others in this respect. For example, about 50 rules are sufficient for tl~e conversion of written Spanish into phon ...
... !.1. Spelling-to-sound conversion The first problem encountered in synthesizing speech from written text is that of spelling-to-sound conversion. Certain languages are much easier than others in this respect. For example, about 50 rules are sufficient for tl~e conversion of written Spanish into phon ...
the subject preference in the processing of locally ambiguous wh
... They were asked to carry out the task as fast as possible. The questionnaire was given to the subjects at the end of their class time, so that 40 minutes were left for work on the questionnaire. There were 40 distractor items and 40 experimental items with the structural properties described above, ...
... They were asked to carry out the task as fast as possible. The questionnaire was given to the subjects at the end of their class time, so that 40 minutes were left for work on the questionnaire. There were 40 distractor items and 40 experimental items with the structural properties described above, ...
slp05 - COW :: Ceng
... Count: have plurals, get counted: goat/goats, one goat, two goats Mass: don’t get counted (snow, salt, communism) (*two snows) ...
... Count: have plurals, get counted: goat/goats, one goat, two goats Mass: don’t get counted (snow, salt, communism) (*two snows) ...
Effective Writing
... fewer regrets). A noun clause is a group of words containing a subject and predicate and working together as a noun—the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Therefore wherever a noun can occur in a sentence, a nounclause can be used in that place. Before I move on to the nitty-gritty of the spec ...
... fewer regrets). A noun clause is a group of words containing a subject and predicate and working together as a noun—the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Therefore wherever a noun can occur in a sentence, a nounclause can be used in that place. Before I move on to the nitty-gritty of the spec ...
Fundamentals of English Syntax - Department of English and
... purely descriptive: they just state observed empirical facts without explaining them. A way out of this impasse emerges when we realise that what has been lacking in our analysis of sentences is the idea that words can combine with other words to form larger groups of words, called constituents. Con ...
... purely descriptive: they just state observed empirical facts without explaining them. A way out of this impasse emerges when we realise that what has been lacking in our analysis of sentences is the idea that words can combine with other words to form larger groups of words, called constituents. Con ...
grade 12 english first additional language learner notes
... 3.6 The old women (make/makes) clothes to sell. 3.7 All the soldiers (have/has) enough reason to be tired of the war. 3.8 My parents (is/are) visiting family in Holland. 3.9 I (shall/will) make sure that I know the work tomorrow. 3.10 Last year my sister (was/were) often sick in the winter. QUESTION ...
... 3.6 The old women (make/makes) clothes to sell. 3.7 All the soldiers (have/has) enough reason to be tired of the war. 3.8 My parents (is/are) visiting family in Holland. 3.9 I (shall/will) make sure that I know the work tomorrow. 3.10 Last year my sister (was/were) often sick in the winter. QUESTION ...
The Acquisition of English Locative Constructions by Native
... infer that a verb like “wonder” will also take a sentential complement (Kim et al., 1999). However, there are more complex types of verbs that are subject to greater argument structure variation, which pose difficulty for many L2 learners. These verbs may appear in different syntactic structures but ...
... infer that a verb like “wonder” will also take a sentential complement (Kim et al., 1999). However, there are more complex types of verbs that are subject to greater argument structure variation, which pose difficulty for many L2 learners. These verbs may appear in different syntactic structures but ...
notes-gfs
... understood with a definite reference: he, she, it, they, etc. • Optional argument with indefinite reference. • Semantic valency change. ...
... understood with a definite reference: he, she, it, they, etc. • Optional argument with indefinite reference. • Semantic valency change. ...
6 Denotation in Murriny Patha Morphosyntax
... the marking of the number of participants is particularly complicated because this task is handled by two or three separate morphemes in combination. In some cases, these morphemes occupy discontiguous slots within the verbal template. As is typical of polysynthetic languages (Evans 2003a: 227-228), ...
... the marking of the number of participants is particularly complicated because this task is handled by two or three separate morphemes in combination. In some cases, these morphemes occupy discontiguous slots within the verbal template. As is typical of polysynthetic languages (Evans 2003a: 227-228), ...
Direct Object Pronouns
... Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems: I eat it. (the soup - la sopa) I = Yo I eat = Yo como I eat it. = Yo como la. This is completely incorrect! The correct translation would be: I eat it. (the soup) La como. As you can see, directly translating sentenc ...
... Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems: I eat it. (the soup - la sopa) I = Yo I eat = Yo como I eat it. = Yo como la. This is completely incorrect! The correct translation would be: I eat it. (the soup) La como. As you can see, directly translating sentenc ...
English in relation to grammar
... understanding that a simple sentence expresses a single idea, represented grammatically by a single independent clause (for example 'A kangaroo tiger is a mammal.’ or ‘A mammal suckles its young' Incorrect example in the content elaborations ‘noting how writers often leave out words substitute a gen ...
... understanding that a simple sentence expresses a single idea, represented grammatically by a single independent clause (for example 'A kangaroo tiger is a mammal.’ or ‘A mammal suckles its young' Incorrect example in the content elaborations ‘noting how writers often leave out words substitute a gen ...
Chinese grammar
This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.