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Paper - chass.utoronto
Paper - chass.utoronto

... I will first give an account of the stylistic features of the grammar which I had already done in detail in a previous study basing it on the framework devised by Linn 10. Then a section of this paper will be devoted to a qualitative linguistic analysis of the contents. This will be done by confron ...
The distribution and category status of adjectives and adverbs
The distribution and category status of adjectives and adverbs

... to those which can be modified only by adverbs. And the (frequently tacit) assumption is made that complementarity also holds of environments in which adjectives function as complements rather than modifiers; in particular, it is often assumed that in the complement position of verbs, for example be ...
Ontology lexica and automatic grammar generation
Ontology lexica and automatic grammar generation

... the ontology with lexical and linguistic information. An ontology lexicon specifies how ontology concepts correspond to natural language expressions. This can support: I Interpretation (knowing how natural language expressions should be interpreted with respect to a given ontology) I ...
The Syntax of French
The Syntax of French

... Germanic speakers, who by the end of the sixth century CE controlled most of Gaul. In contrast to the Romans, though, these Visigoths, Burgundians and Franks didn’t impose their language on the indigenous peoples. On the contrary, they were willing to adopt much of what they found in their conquered ...
The dative alternation - Ghent University Library
The dative alternation - Ghent University Library

... Other linguists and entire linguistic paradigms, which will be discussed in further detail in the first part of my thesis, have approached the dative alternation from different perspectives. Certain models in particular base their ideas about the phenomenon on the intuition of individuals only, with ...
Investigating the abstractness of children`s early knowledge of
Investigating the abstractness of children`s early knowledge of

... results. Here Fisher seems to agree with Tomasello’s characterization of children’s early verb knowledge as lexically specific, but disagree with him that the interpretation of his results show that children lack abstract syntactic knowledge at the very beginning of word combination. Tomasello & Abbo ...
Clitics in Word Grammar
Clitics in Word Grammar

... as the intermediate forms recognised in traditional inflectional morphology (e.g. the various tense forms in Latin to which person and number affixes are added). This hierarchical subclassification of forms is clearly different from any hierarchy that would apply to words, as can be seen from Figure ...
Suffixes
Suffixes

... Learners http://www.macmillandictionary.com/ and Merriam-Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary http://learnersdictionary.com/. Only those affixes are listed here that can be found in the readings taken from Word Structure and Vocabulary. NOTE: Some of the items are word elements rather than affixes. aprefi ...
CORE CURRICULUM PRODUCTS INTERMEDIATE PHASE
CORE CURRICULUM PRODUCTS INTERMEDIATE PHASE

...  Expands verb knowledge (action, linking, state-of-being, regular and irregular) to include verb tenses (present, past, future), and conjugation of all six tenses; verb agreement; and the review of troublesome verbs (learn/teach, sit/set, lay/lie, rise/raise).  Identifies pronouns—personal (subjec ...
F. Plank, Morphology 1: 7. Boundaries 1
F. Plank, Morphology 1: 7. Boundaries 1

... (unconstrained), while morphological rules of construction are more or less productive (= more constrained in terms of form and/or meaning), and sometimes in morphology there are no construction rules at all. Example from syntax: The rule for combining attributive adjectives with nouns in German is ...
Relativization versus nominalization strategies in
Relativization versus nominalization strategies in

... Nominalization refers to ‘turning something into a noun’ (Comrie & Thompson 1995). It is a derivational process that creates nouns from lexical verbs and adjectives. The resulting nouns become the head nouns in a noun phrase. Clausal nominalization is a process ‘by which a prototypical verbal clause ...
slips of speech - WATA - World Association of Arab Translators
slips of speech - WATA - World Association of Arab Translators

... words; and to determine, in every case, what good usage dictates, is not an easy matter. Authors, like words, must be tested by time before their forms of expression may become a law for others. Pope, in his Essay on Criticism, laid down a rule which, for point and brevity, has never been excelled: ...
The Oxford Guide to English Usage
The Oxford Guide to English Usage

... drawn from the works of some of the best twentieth-century writers (many equally good writers happen not to have been quoted). Even informal or substandard usage has been illustrated in this way; such examples frequently come from speeches put into the mouths of characters in novels, and hence no ce ...
Intensive pronouns
Intensive pronouns

... gender, case and number. The categories of person and gender (in the third person singular) exist only in personal and possessive pronouns.2 Pronouns as well as nouns have two cases but whereas some pronouns (e.g. personal and the relative and interrogative, who) have the nominative and objective ca ...
>iXddXi 4 GRADE 9ZHHJXX=NYM
>iXddXi 4 GRADE 9ZHHJXX=NYM

... only altered@ NET ...
A GRAMMAR OF HARO WITH COMPARATIVE NOTES ON THE
A GRAMMAR OF HARO WITH COMPARATIVE NOTES ON THE

... Furthermore, an investigation into the numeral system of the Ometo languages is made. A historical quinary numeral system is reconstructed and etymological interpretations are provided for the quinary base as well as some of the basic numerals. The quinary base, which stands for the value of ‘five’, ...
What Is a Clause?
What Is a Clause?

... This paragraph includes three dependent clauses that are not attached as they should be to independent clauses. Rewrite the paragraph, connecting the dependent clauses to independent clauses. Most teenagers get an allowance. They can spend this money. However they choose. Some teens spend the money ...
7. Specific Verb Classes and Alternations - Humboldt
7. Specific Verb Classes and Alternations - Humboldt

... –en like broaden, sharpen (see Levin (1993) p. 27ff.) (5) a. The player dropped the ball. b. The ball dropped. The transitive variant can be paraphrased as causative, ‘the player caused the ball to drop’ (even though something appears to be missing in this paraphrase, which suggests a more indirect ...
Noongar Waangkiny - Noongar Language Centre
Noongar Waangkiny - Noongar Language Centre

... The original A Learner’s Guide to Noongar was written and compiled by Lois Spehn-Jackson as part of her ongoing contribution to the Noongar Language Project as a Language Consultant. Since Lois’s original work there have been numerous additions and changes to the Noongar Learner’s Guide to meet the ...
The subjunctive in Spanish
The subjunctive in Spanish

... Except those rare few of us who can learn verb conjugations without effort, mastering them at some point will require rote memorization. While the verb forms can be confusing at first, with use they become natural as as conjugations in the native tongue. The charts below show the forms of the subjun ...
Test 1 (19) Writing Answ
Test 1 (19) Writing Answ

... Choice (A) involves errors in parallelism and coordination. In this sentence, the phrase “called it” requires parallel phrases joined by a logical conjunction. The phrase “its melodious final movement makes it elegant” is not parallel with “confusing because of its unusual structure” and does not co ...
On the superficiality of Welsh agreement
On the superficiality of Welsh agreement

... Agreement is a complex phenomenon, which has been discussed quite extensively; see e.g. Corbett (2006). Among the questions that arise about it is: What level of representation is relevant? It is widely assumed that agreement normally involves abstract levels. For Minimalism, it is one manifestation ...
The ergative features of Papuan and Austronesian languages
The ergative features of Papuan and Austronesian languages

... 1 However, a group of Australian languages from south-east Queensland (Galali, Wangkumara…), or Dhalanji (Western Australia) also have distinct marking for S, A and O. ...
Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing

... important guiding principle in current NLP: we’re looking for applications which don’t require AI-complete solutions: i.e., ones where we can work with very limited domains or approximate full world knowledge by relatively simple techniques. ...
A Grammar and Glossary of the Manange Language  Kristine A. Hildebrandt
A Grammar and Glossary of the Manange Language Kristine A. Hildebrandt

... geographically into three primary regions: in the north, the Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain range; in the center, many ranges of very steep hills; in the south, the Tarai, which is part of the Gangetic plain, and has a very low elevation approaching sealevel. The distance between the northe ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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