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... Yami verbs divide into indicative and non-indicative forms. All verbs are either dynamic or stative (See Section 6.3). The indicative verbs are either neutral or perfective. Perfective verbs, marked with the prefix ni-, have past time reference and are anterior. Unlike most of the languages of the N ...
The morphome vs. similarity-based syncretism
The morphome vs. similarity-based syncretism

... identity in caesus-caesor shows that this pattern belongs to a cluster of productive SAS cases that become predictable when their phonology is understood. This opens up the possibility that closer analysis will reveal comparable regularities elsewhere. The overall programme is to identify the non-ar ...
- Scholar@UC
- Scholar@UC

... the colloquial style ad opted, and those expressions selected which are most readily intelligible. It will be seen, th at the authors have widely departed from th e nsual arrangement of the different parts of th e subject. The pupil is first taught to an alyze words and phrases, dependen t on th ose ...
Paraphrasing factoid dependency trees into fluent sentences in a
Paraphrasing factoid dependency trees into fluent sentences in a

... The term verb phrase is used for phrases that have a (main) verb as head, and a number of phrases (its complements) as modifiers. In Linguistics these are usually called clauses but the name verb phrase expresses more clearly a duality or complementarity between nouns and verbs. Again according to W ...
Gros Ventre Student Grammar
Gros Ventre Student Grammar

... As you can see, the part which means ‘he/him’ changes each time. However, the basic verb does not change from one time to the next. So what you need to understand from this example is that depending on the way you want to use a verb, the different prefixes and suffixes will change, even though the v ...
exercise 1 exercise 2 exercise 3 exercise 4
exercise 1 exercise 2 exercise 3 exercise 4

... on the deck. 12. See that cruise ship in the distance. 2. To make a declaration or positive statement with some confidence in its truth 3. 3. The birds do sing in the rain. 4. There are many beautiful wild flowers there. 9. They are hovering below the tops of the mountains. 10. I think I have seen p ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
An analysis of the German Perfekti

... variant of the Präteritum; no attempt is made to bring these two meanings together. This ambiguity account is a relatively safe but not a very elegant position; it is surely preferable if some construction can be given a uniform compositional meaning, rather than two (or no compositional meaning at ...
Te Quest for Cognates: A Reconstruction of Oblique Subject
Te Quest for Cognates: A Reconstruction of Oblique Subject

... languages. And, third, we suggest a reconstruction of more schematic predicateclass-specific dative subject construction of cognition verbs for Proto-Indo-European. Tese reconstructions are formalized with the feature structure matrices of Sign-based Construction Grammar (Sag, 2012), which proves its ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
An analysis of the German Perfekti

... variant of the Präteritum; no attempt is made to bring these two meanings together. This ambiguity account is a relatively safe but not a very elegant position; it is surely preferable if some construction can be given a uniform compositional meaning, rather than two (or no compositional meaning at ...
Manual for Morphological Annotation
Manual for Morphological Annotation

... One can assume that this strategy is too hazardous - how to deal with discrepancies the annotators produce to ensure the consistency of annotation? First, two annotators annotated each text file. Then, by a ”blind” automatic procedure (no matter what word is processed - just comparing two strings) w ...
Read each group of words. If the group is a sentence, write sentence
Read each group of words. If the group is a sentence, write sentence

... 1. The children will plant tulips in the garden. 2. The adults are going to plant roses. 3. The garden will have many pretty flowers. 4. I think we should plant trees too. Think of new plural nouns to replace the ones in the sentences above. Write each new sentence. ...
5 Think of other possible collocations with the words in
5 Think of other possible collocations with the words in

... 6 Read the following sentences and underline the syllable which is stressed in the words in italics. Pay attention whether the word is a noun or a verb. 1. The protest was fairly peaceful. 2. I want to protest because of your behaviour. 3. How much does it cost to transport all the furniture? 4. The ...
CEA Grammar Exercises - Telemachos Publishing
CEA Grammar Exercises - Telemachos Publishing

... modifiers allows for creativity on the part of the student as numerous analysis modifiers are possible and often more than one key word exists that can be used as the repeat modifier. Pay close attention to the student’s ability to make an appropriate combination that includes most of the necessary ...
resulttv3f
resulttv3f

... structure. For instance, the NP and/or S construction (2b) means, informally, ‘If some contextually determined event happens/doesn’t happen that involves concerning NP, then S’. The time-away construction (4b) means roughly ‘subject spends time frivolously doing V’. And our quarry here, the resultat ...
pronoun
pronoun

... modifiers before nouns. These pronouns stand alone and are separated from the nouns to which they refer. The responsibility is yours if an attachment with a virus is opened. ...
complementizer - LingBuzz
complementizer - LingBuzz

... grounded, analysis of relative clauses); (c) an heterogeneous set of semantic types of clause linkage, when clauses are connected through any pattern other than complementation and relativization. The matching linking items can be labelled, respectively, as complementizers, relativizers, and clause ...
INFLECTION OF ADJECTIVES
INFLECTION OF ADJECTIVES

... it has become an inflectional ending of the adjective with the function of linking it to its governing noun. Of course, one is employed with a noun or a group of nouns used as an adjective, sometimes also with a genitive that has the force of a descriptive adjective: 'I like this pipe better than a ...
Practice - Oak Park Elementary School District 97
Practice - Oak Park Elementary School District 97

... • A question ends with a question mark. • A command ends with a period. • An exclamation ends with an exclamation mark. Read each sentence. On the line, place a period if the sentence is a statement or command, an exclamation mark if it is an exclamation, or a question mark if it is a question. Circ ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... • We have changed the main verb to the passive form, thereby removing the external q-role, leaving us with this DS for – The sandwich was eaten. ...
Contents - David Crystal
Contents - David Crystal

... I saw a ship. I didn't see a ship. NOT I didn't saw a ship. ...
Topics and Participants in Jamamadí Narrative
Topics and Participants in Jamamadí Narrative

... Devices for introduction A participant who is undergoer and topic of the episode is introduced by a noun standing alone as a complete sentence at the beginning of the episode. Although the participant thus identified may be actor in much of the episode, his downfall is expected. If there is a villai ...
The limits of deponency - Jonathan Bobaljik
The limits of deponency - Jonathan Bobaljik

... alternants, as are -ɣʔi in (5a) and -ɣʔe in (7b), the final vowel of ine- is elided before another vowel, as in (5b), and schwa is generally epenthetic, but assigned in the examples to one morpheme or another arbitrarily. Note that although Chukchi has no conjugation classes (all verbs take the same ...
cisc882 Context Free
cisc882 Context Free

... • At birth of formal language theory (comp sci) and formal linguistics • Major contribution: syntax is cognitive reality • Humans able to learn languages quickly, but not all languages  universal grammar is biological • Goal of syntactic study: find universal principles and language-specific ...
2017 Specimen Mark Scheme 4 - Cambridge International
2017 Specimen Mark Scheme 4 - Cambridge International

... Award a mark out of 5 for Language*, according to the Grade descriptors in the table below (see Note on using mark schemes with grade descriptors (last page of the mark scheme)). Grade descriptors for Language (Question 2) Straightforward vocabulary and structure. The style of writing is basic, but ...
Ifat Ara Dola
Ifat Ara Dola

... element of first language in the target language (p.26). In other words, as Ellis (1999) say, if there is an absence of any element of L1's syntax, learners would make errors in comprehending L2's syntax. Thus, from Ellis's (1999) statement it is understood that when Bengali (L1) speakers learn Engl ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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