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ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN
ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN

... Semantic Generalisations about Adposition Elements The semantic property of Akan phrasal verbs can also be considered also by looking at the loose generalizations that can be made about the use of some of the recurrent or common adposition elements or particles such as ‘ase’ ‘so’ and ‘mu’. As has be ...
Semantic Proto-Roles - Association for Computational Linguistics
Semantic Proto-Roles - Association for Computational Linguistics

... as a lattice structure, generalized thematic roles can be identified with particular parts of the lattice. If Dowty’s proposal is right, the lexicon will instantiate a very large number of property configurations, rather than a small and constrained set. A key result of this theory is explanation of ...
The Major Functions of the NP
The Major Functions of the NP

... or something, but not who or what. (1), on the other hand, in its most straightforward articulation, with neutral intonaton, does not presume that the hearer knows anything about the event of killing. These sentences therefore give their NPs the same semantic roles, but different pragmatic functions ...
An  Introduction  to  Cognitive  Grammar RONALD
An Introduction to Cognitive Grammar RONALD

... whether one posits a special facultd de langage). Grammatical structures do not constitute an autonomous formal system or level of representation: ment ...
focus 1 position of adjectives - Гомельский государственный
focus 1 position of adjectives - Гомельский государственный

... Emphasizing adjectives: absolute, complete, mere, utter. I felt an absolute fool when I found that I hadn’t got any money. 5. Some adjectives can be used immediately after a noun. some -ible and –able adjectives such as available, imaginable, possible, suitable when the noun follows words such as fi ...
Full text
Full text

... (Stein 1933: 94), This projection is the lesson Stein, the master, taught her disciples. Yet the single act of using one’s imagination is not enough to qualify one as a ‘genius.’ What makes geniuses exiles among commoners is a particular capacity to talk and to listen at the same time: in other word ...
1 Labeling (Romance) causatives* Adriana Belletti University of
1 Labeling (Romance) causatives* Adriana Belletti University of

... through   Agree   to   the   external   argument   of   the   infinitival   verb   phrase.   The   causative   voice   head   has   the   property   of   attracting   the   relevant   chunk   of   the   infinitival   verb   phrase  into   its ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... between German and Dutch that favor the occurrence of non-finites in sentence-final position in Dutch. For example, in Dutch, progressive aspect is expressed using a construction that includes a sentence-final infinitive, whereas German does not have a progressive construction. Similarly, Dutch uses ...
English Syntax: An Introduction
English Syntax: An Introduction

... One important aspect of teaching English syntax (to native and nonnative undergraduate students alike) involves the balance in the overall approach between facts and theory. We understand that one important goal of teaching English syntax to undergraduate students is to help students enhance their u ...
ascof -- a modular multilevel system for french
ascof -- a modular multilevel system for french

... In contrast to many other systems of machine translation or linguistic data processing, semantics and syntax are here equally treated, neither having priority over the other. Another characteristic feature is the interaction between each step of analysis: the complement analysis determines the head ...
JiH Hruska A glance at any English text ensures us that prepositions
JiH Hruska A glance at any English text ensures us that prepositions

... in English than in Czech. This fact can easily be expressed numerically by counting how many more prepositions there are in the English text comp ared with its translation into Czech. However, a more detailed analysis of both languages is necessary if we want to ascertain in which of the two the tot ...
independent clause
independent clause

... Identify the type of clause each one is in the below list. Then, choose three dependent clauses and use them in a complete sentence. Vary your placement of the dependent clause in your sentence. Label your subject and verb of the independent clause. Remember, when dependent clauses begin sentences y ...
Practice sheets, for the sentences in this booklet, are available in a
Practice sheets, for the sentences in this booklet, are available in a

... understanding of why the Shurley Method works, outlining the key features and main elements taught in each grade level. The Jingle Section: English definitions are taught in jingle form. The rhythm of the jingles is a fantastic learning tool that helps students learn and retain difficult English con ...
Shallow-Parsing Stylebook for German
Shallow-Parsing Stylebook for German

... (or a cardinal number) as a head word (with the exception mentioned in section 2.3.4 and below) and of optional determiners, adverb chunks or attributive adjective chunks (See Figures 4, 11 and 10 and the examples mentioned in section 2.3.4). Noun chunks can only be contained in prepositional chunks ...
Some Predictions of Optimality Theory on Sentence Processing
Some Predictions of Optimality Theory on Sentence Processing

... principles can also be violated in complete grammatical representations. Furthermore, their violability implies that they can be formulated in a very simple and general way. E.g., one could assume that surface order is determined by a constraint such as “Subjects precede objects” for German or Engli ...
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter explains the background
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter explains the background

... This noun phrase was preceded by word “the” a word traditionally referred to as definite article. Had been blown open by the storm is a verb phrase but inside verb phrase in turn breaks up into preposition phrase “by the storm” and a further noun phrase as a subject because the sentence is passive v ...
Greek Notes by Terry Cook
Greek Notes by Terry Cook

... Very important to the use of this guide is understanding the layout so that the user will be able to make the most of the material. The design includes hundreds of “notes” from these textbooks on all the features of New Testament Greek that I felt might be important to a 2nd year Koine Greek student ...
sf anish event infinitives: from lexical semantics to syntax
sf anish event infinitives: from lexical semantics to syntax

... The lexical semantics of the construction -and the role it plays in the interface between the lexicon and the syntax-morphology- is the axis of our discussion in this work, where constructions similar to that in (1) will be analyzed in comparison with other structures projecting events, namely actio ...
ùit6 - Bilkent Repository
ùit6 - Bilkent Repository

... education in many different ways, often involving some kind of questionanswer interaction between student and computer. Integration of natu­ ral language in teaching specific subject domains certainly improves the power of a CAI system. Design of computer-aided education tools for teaching Turkish o ...
Tying Ideas Together with Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns
Tying Ideas Together with Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns

... conjunction. If you see such a clause alone without a main clause — for example, weil er seine Stimme verloren hat (because he lost his voice) — you’re left waiting to find out more information. • Relative clause (dependent clause): This type of clause can’t stand on its own even though it has a sen ...
Depictive Secondary Predicates and Small Clause Approaches to
Depictive Secondary Predicates and Small Clause Approaches to

... According to Kayne, these have a verb sponge which embeds a small clause [the water up]. Other small clause analyses of particle constructions include Hoekstra (1988), Svenonius (1992, 1994), den Dikken (1995), Harley and Noyer (1998), Ramchand (2008).4 Aarts (1989) analyzes some verb-particle const ...
1 Background on this module 2 Introduction
1 Background on this module 2 Introduction

... As an example, in English, past tense is often indicated in spelling by -ed. The -ed inflectional past tense morpheme attaches to roots and stems to indicate that an event occurred in the past in relation to the time of the utterance. Tense in English is something the grammar requires. If we want to ...
Noun-Verb Complex Predicates In Kurmanji Kurdish A syntactic
Noun-Verb Complex Predicates In Kurmanji Kurdish A syntactic

... Europe, noun/nonverbal element plus verb combinations (e.g. N+V in Hindi, Persian and Kurmanji Kurdish) (Haig 2002) and inherent complement verbs (ICV) found in West African languages (Korsah 2014). Considering these different types, Butt (1997) asserts that the argument structure of CPrs is complex ...
Questionnaire for property verbs in African languages
Questionnaire for property verbs in African languages

... Note: Quality verbs in Western Kabyle distinguish neither person nor gender in the plural. Quality verbs in Eastern Kabyle take subject markers that are formally identical to object markers (Allaoua 1992). 1.3.5. Is it possible for a verb form defined under A.1 to occur in all tense/aspect/mood form ...
The Notion of Argument in Prepositional Phrase Attachment
The Notion of Argument in Prepositional Phrase Attachment

... Consider benefactive constructions, such as the sentence below. (3) Darcy baked a cake for Elizabeth. In this case the for is a benefactive, hence an argument of the verb bake. However, the for-PP is optional; thus other non-argument PPs can occur in the same position. (4) Darcy baked a cake for 5 s ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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