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Lambrecht 2000
Lambrecht 2000

... In previous work (Lambrecht 1986, 1994) I have argued that the pragmatic structuring of propositions into presupposed and non-presupposed portions is done cross-linguistically in terms of a small number of types of focus articulation or  , which correspond to different types of communi ...
Verb Phrases - E
Verb Phrases - E

... is suffixed to the locative nouns when the head verb follows them, but the locative pronouns do not take any locative marker. When a verb belonging to the movement class of verbs (movement class of verbs are po:vu - ‘go’, vellu- ‘go’ ce:ru-’reach’, vatstsu-’come’, nadutsu-’walk’, parigettu-’run’, et ...
French language course
French language course

... The punctuation symbols in French operates very similarly to English with the same meaning. The only punctuation symbol not present in French would be the quotation marks; these are replaced by the guillemets shown in the table above. The two stroke punctuation marks (such as ;, :, ?, !) may require ...
resdep - Semantics Archive
resdep - Semantics Archive

... As Halliday (1967) observes, resultative and depictive predications are attributive constructions. These two types of secondary predication contribute different semantic interpretations to event structure. The resultative element is an attribute which results from the process depicted by the verb, w ...
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive

... might also generate such sentences as: They called the girl up. He calls the girl up. etc. ...
Relative Clauses Notes #12
Relative Clauses Notes #12

... I received a letter, whose poor spelling made me think it was written by a child. (more natural would be I received a letter, and its poor spelling...) ...
HOW TO SPEAK AND WRITE CORRECTLY CONTENTS CHAPTER I REQUIREMENTS OF SPEECH
HOW TO SPEAK AND WRITE CORRECTLY CONTENTS CHAPTER I REQUIREMENTS OF SPEECH

... Number is the distinction of one from more than one. There are two numbers, singular and plural; the singular denotes one, the plural two or more. The plural is generally formed from the singular by the addition of s or es . Gender has the same relation to nouns that sex has to individuals, but whil ...
F-LOB/Frown manual
F-LOB/Frown manual

... a list of personal name expressions (e.g. Dr. (X) Y, where X and Y are words beginning with a capital) a list of foreign or classical language expressions used in English (e.g. de jure, hoi polloi) ...
(Syntactic) Lexicon and Syntax: Insertion Conditions for Derivational
(Syntactic) Lexicon and Syntax: Insertion Conditions for Derivational

... be refined, so that a bar notation head XO empty at deep structure yields its selectional predominance to a filled yo sister (section 4). Once the appropriate modifications are in place, section 5 is devoted to, if I may cite the reviewer, "the order that the framework reveals and accounts for in wh ...
Dependency in Linguistic Description
Dependency in Linguistic Description

... that (information) means, strictly speaking, (degree of organization).) More specifically, all the units which constitute the utterance—let us limit ourselves here, for simplicity's sake, to wordforms— are arranged by the speaker in well-specified configurations, according to numerous complicated ru ...
Grammar - WordPress.com
Grammar - WordPress.com

... Example: she is busy preparing for the exam  Can’t Help/ Can’t Bear (tidak bisa menahan) Example: she usually can’t help laughing when she hears joke  Tobe + Used to (terbiasa) Example: I am used to eating gudeg jogja  Get used to (telah terbiasa) Example: she get used to living near the airport ...
Enhancing Object-Oriented UML for Developing an Intelligent
Enhancing Object-Oriented UML for Developing an Intelligent

... characteristics. SEMANTIC dictionary system utilizes ObjectOriented major features, such as objects, classes, aggregation, inheritances, encapsulation and polymorphism. SEMANTIC dictionary is a knowledge base, which can be considered as an intelligent language model and can be used for many language ...
INTRODUCTION TO SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
INTRODUCTION TO SUMERIAN GRAMMAR

... texts, however, are the pictographic tablets that come from level IVa at Uruk (ca. 3100). Other archaic texts come from later Uruk levels, from Jemdet Nasr, and from Ur (1st Dynasty, ca. 2700). Many of these old documents are still difficult to read, but much new progress has recently been made. By ...
Parts of the Sentence
Parts of the Sentence

... against the real criminal, no suspicions even (Porfiry Petrovitch fully kept his word)—all this did much to soften the sentence. 30Other circumstances, too, in the prisoner’s favor came out quite unexpectedly. ...
Metapragmatic presentationals - Create and Use Your home
Metapragmatic presentationals - Create and Use Your home

... I n narrative passages containing quotations, a regular verb of speaking often occurs earlier in an utterance containing a quotative, either before the quotation or after an initial segment of the quotation. Use of kz- indicates that the preceding communication act preserves its overt form, that is, ...
Balogné Bérces Katalin Az angol nyelv szerkezete (The
Balogné Bérces Katalin Az angol nyelv szerkezete (The

... This book gives an overview of the morphological and syntactic structure of English. Its intended audience is the students of PPCU at the English Studies BA programme on the one hand, and at the MA programme in TEFL on the other, both full-time and part-time. The two courses involved are called Engl ...
Functions of the Czech reflexive marker
Functions of the Czech reflexive marker

... “downplaying” the agentive referent (i.e. the shoemaker or shoemakers). Indeed, constructions of the (4) type are commonly termed ‘reflexive passive’, although we will see below that another label may be more appropriate. Note that the RM in (3) and (4) not only does not convey identity of its refer ...
Parallelism Rules
Parallelism Rules

... second action immediately The simple Past Tense + Simple Past Tense are used. When he opened the gate, they came in. ✔ Shortcut Rule 7 : When the first action completed before the second one started, the Past Perfect Tense for the first finished action and the Simple Past Tense for the Second are us ...
BSL 320. Linguistics Exam 1.1 Describe the difference between a
BSL 320. Linguistics Exam 1.1 Describe the difference between a

... a threat to BSL because of the power of English. The manual alphabet is used for fingerspelling whole words that do not have equivalents in BSL, and for the names of people and places. Sign Supported English – in SSE the key words of a sentence are signed, while the person speaks. This means the mai ...
Chapter 3 Sentence Structure: Predicates Rule
Chapter 3 Sentence Structure: Predicates Rule

... dancing”, and so could be called PARTICIPLES. Often when marked sa on the other hand they become time adjuncts that function in the sentence as nouns but take doers and objects like verbs; this is the definition of GERUND. This sort of use of the position class chart doesn’t show forced conformance ...
analyzing english grammar
analyzing english grammar

... to provide students with the answers to many of the exercises so that they can check their own work; you may wish to do the same by reproducing the answers to selected exercises directly from this Manual. Some exercises are especially well-suited for work with small groups in class, and others are u ...
The Normal Translation Algorithm in Transparent Intensional Logic
The Normal Translation Algorithm in Transparent Intensional Logic

... to be infeasible for non-artificial languages, most researches agree to splitting the process of analysis into three very basic levels — morphological, syntactic and semantic analysis (see the Figure 1.1). Each of these parts needs to have at its input the results of the previous ones. However, this ...
On `sit`/`stand`/`lie` auxiliation1
On `sit`/`stand`/`lie` auxiliation1

... to be marked since even if we remove the postural verb and the conjunction ‘and’ from the above sentences, the interpretation of each of them will still be imperfective. And yet, the example in (4) above — with the bodily posture verb construction as a continuative/durative/progressive marker — is t ...
revisiting agreement paradigms: predicative
revisiting agreement paradigms: predicative

... subject and the property predicated of the subject, namely the predicate (e.g. Jespersen (1924)). A predicative adjective can be described as forming the basic lexical information of the clause in which it occurs. Predicative adjective constructions are characterised by a structure involving an adje ...
MumayyazEnglish
MumayyazEnglish

... . The girl who plays there , is my daughter -2 . I bought I have lost book which -3 . The boys who came are my friends -4 . my friend The girls who came are -5 . The student whose bicycle broke down asked for help -6 . This is the boy whose bike was stolen -7 . of noise This is the dog that makes a ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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