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Network Layer
Network Layer

... The link state routing algorithm requires each router to know, or at least have a reasonable estimate, of the delay to each of its neighbors. The most direct way to determine this delay is to send a special ECHO packet over the line that the other side is required to send back immediately. By measur ...
Gemini/PD Technical Manual
Gemini/PD Technical Manual

... GeminiG3 Mobile Data Radiomodem User Manual - Version 3.01 ...
Chapter 11 Interior Routing Protocols
Chapter 11 Interior Routing Protocols

... • Simple metric leads to sub-optimal routing tables —Packets sent over slower links ...
Limitations of Layer2 switching
Limitations of Layer2 switching

... Read Chapters 1-5 and we will resume this topic after the MidTerm These notes will be based on the MPLS book plus some presentations from Cisco, Nortel, Juniper as well as Dr. Nair’s notes from last time. ...
Developing IP Networks in the Automotive Embedded Environment
Developing IP Networks in the Automotive Embedded Environment

... communication of gateways between Ethernet and other bus systems like CAN, FlexRay, MOST, WLAN etc. ...
VPNs
VPNs

... CS519 Some VPN clients smart enough to avoid sending non-VPN traffic through the VPN tunnel ...
Paul Francis, Ramesh Govindan, Flexible Routing and Addressing for a Next Generation IP, SIGCOMM 94, September 1994, London
Paul Francis, Ramesh Govindan, Flexible Routing and Addressing for a Next Generation IP, SIGCOMM 94, September 1994, London

... Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Associa ...
SS7
SS7

... inserted into messages at the MTP3 level to identify the SP that originated the message. The DPC is inserted to identify the address of the destination SP. Routing tables within an SS7 node are used to route messages.  Signaling Network Management (SNM): Monitors linksets and routesets, providing s ...
Hop-By-Hop Best Effort Link Layer Reliability in Named Data
Hop-By-Hop Best Effort Link Layer Reliability in Named Data

... The Named Data Networking (NDN) [1] architecture provides a best effort data retrieval service: applications send Interest packets which carry the names of requested data, and Data packets with matching names are returned. If either an Interest or Data packet is lost during the transmission due to b ...
Signaling and Network Control
Signaling and Network Control

... inserted into messages at the MTP3 level to identify the SP that originated the message. The DPC is inserted to identify the address of the destination SP. Routing tables within an SS7 node are used to route messages.  Signaling Network Management (SNM): Monitors linksets and routesets, providing s ...
3rd Edition: Chapter 4 - Northwestern Networks Group
3rd Edition: Chapter 4 - Northwestern Networks Group

... Play (UPnP) Internet Gateway Device (IGD) Protocol. Allows NATed host to:  learn public IP address ...
Collection Tree Protocol
Collection Tree Protocol

... We assume that the collection layer updates stale routing information by sending control beacons. As with data packets, beacons contain the transmitter’s local cost estimate. Unlike data packets, however, control beacons are broadcasts. A single beacon updates many nearby nodes. Collection protocols ...
An Overview of the MEF
An Overview of the MEF

MCCME Moscow, 1998
MCCME Moscow, 1998

... than a hundred or so). If we put too many hosts on the same LAN we'll get too many collisions and the networking will become extremely slow. There are also concerns with the physical length of the coaxial cable. Our goal is to build a very large Wide Area Network (WAN). So, it looks natural to conne ...
IP Multicast Tutorial
IP Multicast Tutorial

... Relies on IP addresses and IP routing protocols to set up the path MPLS-enabled routers forwards packets by examining a short, fixed-length lables Labels have local scope, similar to VC ...
L_06_ch_13_DLL_LAN_Ethernet
L_06_ch_13_DLL_LAN_Ethernet

... •In an unbridged Ethernet network, the total capacity (10 Mbps) is shared between all stations with a frame to send; •If only one station has frames to send, it benefits from the total capacity (10 Mbps). •But if more than one station needs to use the network, the capacity is shared. •For example, i ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Regular routing updates: Every 30 seconds, send all or part of the routing tables to every neighbor. Triggered Updates: Whenever the metric for a route changes, send data that has changed. ...
slides - SmartLab
slides - SmartLab

... • Link duration is used as a mobility feedback mechanism • Neighbour establishment used to assess stability of local links • Select routing algorithm based on perceived stability – Proactive algorithm: stable enough to elect relay nodes – Reactive algorithm: in all other cases MPAC 2004 ...
投影片 1 - 長庚大學資訊工程學系
投影片 1 - 長庚大學資訊工程學系

... fixed 1Gbps, mobile 100Mbps) for 4G systems while maintaining full backward compatibility with the existing mobile WiMAX systems. • The standardization of IEEE 802.16m and release 2.0 of mobile WiMAX profile are expected to complete by the end of 2010. • IEEE 802.16m utilizes OFDMA as the preferred ...
- Mitra.ac.in
- Mitra.ac.in

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
DATA-LINK-LAYER - e
DATA-LINK-LAYER - e

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
ECE 467 Network Implementation Lab Manual
ECE 467 Network Implementation Lab Manual

... T w i s t e d Pair Cabling.......................................................................................................... 31 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cabling (UTP) .............................................................................. 32 Connecting to RJ-45 Network Interface Card o ...
data-link layer
data-link layer

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
AS 2 - Internet Society
AS 2 - Internet Society

... •  Collateral damage: ASes not doing ROV might cause ASes that do ROV to fall victim to attacks! – Control-Plane-Data-Plane Mismatch! data Blows to attacker, although AS 3 discarded it ...
VLANs
VLANs

... connections and assigns capacity using time division multiplexing. • This means that the switch no longer guarantees simultaneous transmission on all ports, but will accept simultaneous input and will switch incoming data to outgoing ports as fast as possible. • The groups are called VLANs ...
< 1 ... 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 ... 265 >

IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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