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Link Layer
Link Layer

...  encapsulate datagram into frame, adding header, trailer  ‘physical addresses’ used in frame headers to identify source, destination • different from IP address!  Link access  Media access control (MAC) protocol  Coordinate the frame transmissions of many nodes if multiple nodes share a medium ...
Link Layer
Link Layer

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
Frank Mann CCAI-CCNA Module 6: Routing and Routing
Frank Mann CCAI-CCNA Module 6: Routing and Routing

... Each router sends packets to all its neighbors. These packets contain descriptions of the network or networks to which the router is linked. The routers assemble all the information into a complete view of the internetwork topology to calculate the shortest path to all known sites on the network. It ...
CS244a: An Introduction to Computer Networks
CS244a: An Introduction to Computer Networks

... Link State: Control Traffic • Each node floods its local information to every other node in the network • Each node ends up knowing the entire network topology  use Dijkstra to compute the shortest path to every other node ...
Overview of Bridging
Overview of Bridging

... physical Token Rings into one logical network segment. If the network segment bridges only Token Ring media to provide connectivity, the technology is termed SRB. If the network bridges Token Ring and non-Token Ring media is introduced into the bridged network segment, the technology is termed remot ...
Pastry: Scalable, Distributed Object Location and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems
Pastry: Scalable, Distributed Object Location and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems

... Pastry is intended as general substrate for the construction of a variety of peer-topeer Internet applications like global £le sharing, £le storage, group communication and naming systems. Several application have been built on top of Pastry to date, including a global, persistent storage utility ca ...
Slide presentation with simulation results - OSPF
Slide presentation with simulation results - OSPF

... originates/floods a new LSA (with a larger sequence number) when the contents change (subject to MinLSInterval = 5 sec). OSPF allows multiple areas (clusters) for hierarchical routing. Each router in an area is provided with the full topology for the area, and Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to compute ...
Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems
Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems

... Pastry is intended as general substrate for the construction of a variety of peer-topeer Internet applications like global file sharing, file storage, group communication and naming systems. Several application have been built on top of Pastry to date, including a global, persistent storage utility ...
3rd Edition, Chapter 5
3rd Edition, Chapter 5

Link Layer
Link Layer

... ATM Layer: Virtual Circuits  VC transport: cells carried on VC from source to dest  call setup, teardown for each call before data can flow  each packet carries VC identifier (not destination ID)  every switch on source-dest path maintain “state” for each passing connection  link,switch resour ...
ppt 3.8MB - Star Tap
ppt 3.8MB - Star Tap

Elmustafa Sayed Ali Ahmed and Rashid A. Saeed
Elmustafa Sayed Ali Ahmed and Rashid A. Saeed

... can only communicate among themselves, using multihop wireless transmission and each node has a unique address since there is no external connectivity. However, there are some solutions which extend this architecture providing Internet access for ad-hoc nodes. This means that more than one node or a ...
Switches part 1 File
Switches part 1 File

... • Collision Domains: • To reduce the number of nodes on a given network segment, you can create separate physical network segments called collision domains. • The network area where frames originate and collide is called the collision domain. • All shared media environments, such as those created by ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... • Collision Domains: • To reduce the number of nodes on a given network segment, you can create separate physical network segments called collision domains. • The network area where frames originate and collide is called the collision domain. • All shared media environments, such as those created by ...
Document
Document

... routing table is updated Metric (# of hops) is increased by one Router R publishes information increasing in one unit what it is introduced in its routing table. Update messages tx to neighbours. Two ways • Not using split horizon technique: Updates are sent to all the ...
EVPN - IX.br
EVPN - IX.br

... there are hosts for that subnet A VRF on each PE that has IRBs to the local MAC-VRFs and a EVPN-tunnel IRB (no IP) Host MAC/IPs in one EVI are not imported by the remote PEs if the EVI is not local EVPN advertises IP prefixes that are imported in the VRF routing table ...
SEMESTER 1 Chapter 5
SEMESTER 1 Chapter 5

... protocols are being used? What are the two commands in which you can determine what the administrative distance is? What is the administrative distance for a static route? If you configure a route to a destination also learned by a dynamic routing protocol, what would you set the administrative dist ...
Chapter 5: The Data Link Layer
Chapter 5: The Data Link Layer

pdf
pdf

... 3. A DHT can also mimic other functionality but in such cases, keep in mind that DHT guarantees are weak: a DHT is not an SQL database. 4. DHTs work best inside the datacenter, because accurate membership information is available. This allows us to completely avoid “indirect routing” and just talk d ...
3rd Edition, Chapter 5
3rd Edition, Chapter 5

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
Internetworking, higher layer protocols TCP/IP and ATM Eytan Modiano Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Internetworking, higher layer protocols TCP/IP and ATM Eytan Modiano Massachusetts Institute of Technology

... Routers do not compute the complete route to the destination but only the next hop router IP uses distributed routing algorithms: RIP, OSPF In a LAN, the “host” computer sends the packet to the default router which provides a gateway to the outside world ...
pptx
pptx

... 3. A DHT can also mimic other functionality but in such cases, keep in mind that DHT guarantees are weak: a DHT is not an SQL database. 4. DHTs work best inside the datacenter, because accurate membership information is available. This allows us to completely avoid “indirect routing” and just talk d ...
3rd Edition, Chapter 5
3rd Edition, Chapter 5

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
Chapter 5 - Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CUHK
Chapter 5 - Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CUHK

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
Module 1 IP/MAC Addresses and TCP/IP Suite
Module 1 IP/MAC Addresses and TCP/IP Suite

... address with 8 bits for the suffix, making it possible to support 254 hosts while we need a network that can support only 9 hosts. It would be enough to assign 4 bits of host suffix to represent all possible host values. With classless addressing, it is possible to subdivide a single class C address ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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