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WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: SECURITY ISSUES AND
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: SECURITY ISSUES AND

Expl_Sw_chapter_02_Switches_Part_I
Expl_Sw_chapter_02_Switches_Part_I

... • Collision Domains: • To reduce the number of nodes on a given network segment, you can create separate physical network segments called collision domains. • The network area where frames originate and collide is called the collision domain. • All shared media environments, such as those created by ...
Document
Document

...  Update messages tx to neighbours. Two ways • Not using split horizon technique: Updates are sent to all the neighbours. • Using split horizon technique. Updates sent to all the neighbours, except to those who informed about the best route. The Network Layer. Associated Protocols ...
Module 1 IP/MAC Addresses and TCP/IP Suite
Module 1 IP/MAC Addresses and TCP/IP Suite

... address with 8 bits for the suffix, making it possible to support 254 hosts while we need a network that can support only 9 hosts. It would be enough to assign 4 bits of host suffix to represent all possible host values. With classless addressing, it is possible to subdivide a single class C address ...
1-network
1-network

... This is a 12 character hexadecimal number (analogy social security #) Example: 00:A0:C9:0F:92:A5 Here the first six digits are the manufacturers ID and the last six digits are the device ID As each packet arrives at the network interface card the mac address on the packet is compared to the mac addr ...
IPv6 in Greek School Network (GSN) - seeren-2
IPv6 in Greek School Network (GSN) - seeren-2

...  IGP (Internal Gateway Protocol)  OSPFv3 selection (for IPv6 only) minimal with OSPFv2 (IPv4 only)  Route management (i.e. nssa)  To IS-IS demands a “D – Day” for transition, alternatively support for incongruent network graps in terms of IPv6 and IPv4 capabilities (multi-topology extension) – O ...
CECS470
CECS470

... • A prefix-length is included with each piece of routing information. The prefix-length is a way of specifying the number of leftmost contiguous bits in the network-portion of each routing table entry. – For example, a network with 20 bits of network-number and 12bits of host-number would have with ...
Understanding the Causes and Impact of Network Failures
Understanding the Causes and Impact of Network Failures

... There were 102 such routers and 223 links at the end of 2009. We refer to these customer access links as CPE links. There are also several statically configured access links in the CENIC network. For these links, only events from the physical layer and data link layer are recorded in syslog, as they ...
California Fault Lines: Understanding the Causes and
California Fault Lines: Understanding the Causes and

... a link, we consult the router configurations. Each configuration file describes the kinds of interfaces present on the router and how they are configured; Figure 2 shows an example interface description. Our collection of router configuration files is not just a single snapshot in time, but rather a ...
3rd Edition, Chapter 5
3rd Edition, Chapter 5

...  transportation mode = link layer protocol  travel agent = routing algorithm 5: DataLink Layer ...
static routing
static routing

... • Metrics used in IP routing protocols include: – Hop count - A simple metric that counts the number of routers a packet must traverse – Bandwidth - Influences path selection by preferring the path with the highest bandwidth – Load - Considers the traffic utilization of a certain link – Delay - Cons ...
Avaya Network Operating System 6.0
Avaya Network Operating System 6.0

3rd Edition, Chapter 5 - Department of Computer and Information
3rd Edition, Chapter 5 - Department of Computer and Information

... Ethernet CSMA/CD algorithm 1. NIC receives datagram from network layer, creates frame 2. If NIC senses channel idle, starts frame transmission. If NIC senses channel busy, waits until channel idle, then transmits. 3. If NIC transmits entire frame without detecting another transmission, NIC is done ...
Corinex AV200 Powerline Ethernet Adapter
Corinex AV200 Powerline Ethernet Adapter

IP Addressing Guide
IP Addressing Guide

... to visualize the different portions of the network address when looking at the binary format. The subnet mask is also represented in dotted decimal and binary. Any address bits that have corresponding mask bits set to 1 represent the network ID. Any address bits that have corresponding mask bits set ...
Chapter 5 - Professor Dan Web
Chapter 5 - Professor Dan Web

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
3rd Edition, Chapter 5
3rd Edition, Chapter 5

...  plane: JFK to Geneva  train: Geneva to Lausanne ...
MelbWireless: Network Design Thoughts v0.1
MelbWireless: Network Design Thoughts v0.1

... • Could use access points in bridging mode, ad-hoc cards, configure with a /30 and run in OSPF broadcast mode • This would be numbered from 172.16.80.22/23 (further allocation made as needed) ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

Wide-Area Ethernet Network Configuration for System
Wide-Area Ethernet Network Configuration for System

... All GOOSE message packets convey information specified in IEC 61850-8-1 packet specifications that are important for system security and monitoring – source identifier, packet time tag, packet sequence number, time the packet is allowed to live, quality of information, test mode, and revision number ...
Taxonomy of communication networks
Taxonomy of communication networks

...  Disadvantages of packet switching  potential congestion: packet delay and high loss • protocols needed for reliable data transfer, congestion control • it is possible to guarantee quality of service (QoS) in packet-switched networks and still gain statistical ...
Chapter 5 on Link/MAC Layer - Department of Computer and
Chapter 5 on Link/MAC Layer - Department of Computer and

... Ethernet CSMA/CD algorithm 1. NIC receives datagram from network layer, creates frame 2. If NIC senses channel idle, starts frame transmission. If NIC senses channel busy, waits until channel idle, then transmits. 3. If NIC transmits entire frame without detecting another transmission, NIC is done ...
Technology Background
Technology Background

... Computer networking has been a modern way of communication and an enabler for various new applications for decades. Recently wire-based networks have got a competitor from wireless networking technologies. The wireless networks have various advantages over wired networks, and therefore have been the ...
M051055
M051055

... dynamically learn about other routers on theirdirectly attached networks. Routers must also discover when their neighbors becomeunreachable or inoperative. This process is achieved with low overhead by periodically sendingsmall hello packets. As long as a router receives hello packets from a neighbo ...
Presentation Slide
Presentation Slide

... • Source S only transmits in the first time slot – Relay R may simply amplify and forward its signal (AF). – Relay R may decode first, then re-encode the information (DF). • The effective bit rate and power must be divided by a factor of 2. ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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