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Encapsulation Topics discussed in this section
Encapsulation Topics discussed in this section

... Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP ) Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) ...
ch02
ch02

... processes at this time with port addresses a, b, and c. The receiving computer is running two processes at this time with port addresses j and k. Process a in the sending computer needs to communicate with process j in the receiving computer. Note that although physical addresses change from hop to ...
Low Cost Ethernet and E1 Services
Low Cost Ethernet and E1 Services

... today’s next generation services. The FLASHWAVE 4060 supports both E1 and Ethernet services over STM-1 network interfaces. The compact size, low cost, minimal power requirements, and ability to reliably deliver simultaneous data and voice services to customer premises make the FLASHWAVE 4060 an idea ...
Circuit-switching networks
Circuit-switching networks

... • their purpose is to provide a switching facility that will moves the data from node to node until they reach their destination. ...
CCNA2 3.0-09 Basic Router Troubleshooting
CCNA2 3.0-09 Basic Router Troubleshooting

... • By default, IGRP uses the static factors bandwidth and delay to calculate a metric value (so bandwidth and delay can actually be entered by the administrator). • IGRP may also be configured to include the dynamic factors, load and reliability, in the metric calculation. • Remember, IGRP uses the m ...
QFabric System - Juniper Networks
QFabric System - Juniper Networks

... 40 Gbps links. All links provide active connectivity between end points, eliminating the need for Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). L2, L3, and FCoE traffic is effectively load-balanced across all available links between Nodes and Interconnects. Single or multiple links from Nodes to each Interconnect c ...
Networking - dbmanagement.info
Networking - dbmanagement.info

... Policy with BGP • BGP provides capability for enforcing various policies • Policies are not part of BGP: they are provided to BGP as configuration information • BGP enforces policies by choosing paths from multiple alternatives and controlling advertisement to other AS’s ...
3rd Edition: Chapter 4
3rd Edition: Chapter 4

... identifier for host, and router interface  interface: connection between host/router and physical link (sometimes ...
Practical Ethernet_0..
Practical Ethernet_0..

... Introduced to enhance and replace FOIRL  10BASE-FL: Manchester encoding on 2 MMF up to 2000m  10BASE-FB: only to be used as inter-repeater link, Half Duplex  10BASE-FP: fiber optic passive star, up to 33 hosts at up to 500m ...
A Comparative Analysis of Different Routing Scheme in Opportunistic Network Minakshi
A Comparative Analysis of Different Routing Scheme in Opportunistic Network Minakshi

... Heterogeneous Community-based Random Way-Point (HC-RWP) mobility model that can generate synthetic traces. In [17] examined the routing protocols for delay and disruption tolerant networks leverage epidemic-style algorithms that trade off injecting many copies of messages into the network for increa ...
Scalable Multicast
Scalable Multicast

... Adaptive Dual-state • Multicast is key to efficient information dissemination • Requirements for Information-centric Multicast: – Scalability in group membership o Fine granularity of access  support for large number of groups ...
SECURITY TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH CONGESTION
SECURITY TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH CONGESTION

Is the Boston subway a small-world network?
Is the Boston subway a small-world network?

... In Ref. [8] we have shown that Eglob and Eloc play, respectively, the role of L and C, and that small-world networks have both high Eglob and high Eloc . Now, let us apply these new measures to the MBTA: the results are reported in Table 1. As we can see, the MBTA turns out to be a very e1cient tran ...
PPTX - Kunpeng Zhang
PPTX - Kunpeng Zhang

... to start is to randomly choose k of the samples. • The results produced depend on the initial values for the means, and it frequently happens that suboptimal partitions are found. The standard solution is to try a number of different starting points. • It can happen that the set of samples closest t ...
Document
Document

... Conclusion ...
Network Layer
Network Layer

... advertisements are sent only within an area  each node has detailed area topology; only know direction (shortest path) to nets in other areas.  Each area runs its own OSPF link-state routing algorithm  Area border routers: responsible for routing packets ...
Progetto e valutazione di un protocollo di power management per
Progetto e valutazione di un protocollo di power management per

...  As soon as the cluster-head detects an event, it wakes up all the other nodes in the cluster  The cluster-head receives packets from cluster nodes, and forwards them to the sink node (no data aggregation) ...
ppt
ppt

... incoming datagrams: replace (NAT IP address, new port #) in dest fields of every incoming datagram with corresponding (source IP address, port #) stored in NAT table ...
PPT - Suraj @ LUMS
PPT - Suraj @ LUMS

... Wireless MAN – provides network access to subscriber stations (SS) with radio base stations (BS) Offers an alternative to cabled access networks – fiber optic links, coaxial cables using cable modems, DSL links Supports nomadic and mobile clients on the go (IEEE 802.16 e, 2004) ...
PhoneNet: a Phone-to-Phone Network for Group Communication in a LAN.
PhoneNet: a Phone-to-Phone Network for Group Communication in a LAN.

... session creation. A third technique is to broadcast the application details using a radio beacon. We do so by setting the session details as the broadcast name of a bluetooth device. With this beacon, many participants can join a local session at the same time. In the extreme case where all the user ...
Self-organizing Name Resolution System for ICN
Self-organizing Name Resolution System for ICN

... Symphony[21]. It takes advantage of the idea of small world[22] which constructs a “small” distance topology using small number of links. For instance, when the number of nodes and network distance are given as conditions, Symphony can construct a topology which satisfies the conditions using only h ...
Networking Security - Northwestern Networks Group
Networking Security - Northwestern Networks Group

...  bits coming in one link go out all other links at same rate  all nodes connected to hub can collide with one another  no frame buffering  no CSMA/CD at hub: host NICs detect collisions ...
Active Source routing protocol in Mobile Network
Active Source routing protocol in Mobile Network

... is undisrupted. End-to-end security such as the IP-Security (IPSec) [9] authentication header (AH) protocol [10] can prevent adversaries from forging or corrupting data and feedback. But IPsec does not allow the sender to detect loss of data and, thus, take any corrective action. Nor the combination ...
Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup Protocol for Internet
Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup Protocol for Internet

Computer Networks
Computer Networks

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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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