• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Ch.8 Error And Control Messages (ICMP)
Ch.8 Error And Control Messages (ICMP)

... – Error reporting mechanism to distinguish between events such as lost datagrams and incorrect addresses – Higher level protocols (i.e., TCP) must handle all other problems ...
Consensus Protocols for Networks of Dynamic Agents
Consensus Protocols for Networks of Dynamic Agents

... in the Laplace (or frequency) domain, i.e. X(s) and X(jω) are the Laplace transform and the Fourier transform of the signal x(t), respectively. A sufficient condition that the aforementioned protocol converges is that all the poles of G(s) have to be on the LHP except for an isolated pole at zero. T ...
Error Probability Bounds for Balanced Binary Relay Trees
Error Probability Bounds for Balanced Binary Relay Trees

Basics of Networking
Basics of Networking

... The Presentation Layer’s job is managing data structures and converting from the representation used inside the computer to the network standard representation an visa versa. In English terms, the Presentation layer basically takes the packets and re-assembles them so you can open the e-mail or the ...
Survey of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc - dl.edi
Survey of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc - dl.edi

... sufficiently higher memory than some other table driven protocols. WRP also use Hello packets to keep updated routing information. It has been mentioned before that such message consumes different network resources. Overall latency associated in routing is comparatively less in WRP as it maintains s ...
Introduction & Course overview
Introduction & Course overview

... provides facilities to organise and synchronise dialogues, i.e. communications that consist of several strands such as audio and video components. ...
Document
Document

... d = distance between transmitter and receiver Pt = transmitting power Pr = receiving power Gt = gain of transmitting antenna Gr = gain of receiving antenna At = effective area of transmitting antenna Ar = effective area of receiving antenna ...
TNS07%20PPP
TNS07%20PPP

... serial cables, phone lines, trunk lines, cellular telephones, specialized radio links, or fiber-optic links. When you need to connect to a non-Cisco router, you should use PPP encapsulation. Advantages of using PPP ...
Real-Time Traffic Support in Large
Real-Time Traffic Support in Large

... increases during route discovery. This also results in significant packet jitters due to both delay during the route discovery and delay variations between the new and old routes. This effect is more severe in large ad hoc networks where the longer communication paths are more prone to break when mo ...
Final MCQ CS610
Final MCQ CS610

Wireless Token Ring Protocol
Wireless Token Ring Protocol

... The token ring protocol in its current implementation is disadvantaged relative to the original IEEE802.11 driver because the token ring protocol is implemented on top of IEEE802.11 in DCF mode, incurring all the overhead that is associated with IEEE802.11 plus the overhead from the token ring. The ...
Our Brochure - Basic Commerce and Industries
Our Brochure - Basic Commerce and Industries

... heartbeat function is used to recognize system level failures allowing for automatic switchover of ATN Router operations from the Primary Processor to the Standby Processor. The switchover process for X.25 connectivity uses a remotely controlled A/B switch manufactured by Electro Standards Laborator ...
PDF
PDF

... is that, if some bits of a packet can be correctly predicted before decoding, then the receiver can exploit these predictions to identify the correct coding path, reducing decoding errors. Tab. 2 shows an example. We compare the costs of the correct path (PATH-1) and a faulty path (PATH-2). Due to t ...
of the OSI model.
of the OSI model.

...  The transport layer is responsible for source-to-destination delivery of the entire message.  The transport layer is responsible for breaking the entire message into several packets and delivery them to the network layer.  The transport layer is responsible for ensuring that the whole message is ...
router - DAINF
router - DAINF

... • we learned how to do this already (chapter 3)! • seldom used on low bit-error link (fiber, some twisted pair) • wireless links: high error rates • Q: why both link-level and end-end reliability? ...
Document
Document

lecture02-swtching
lecture02-swtching

... Source host has no way of knowing if the network is capable of delivering a packet or if the destination host is even up. Since packets are treated independently, it is possible to route around link and node failures. Since every packet must carry the full address of the destination, the overhead ...
Chapter 14: Distributed Operating Systems
Chapter 14: Distributed Operating Systems

... simultaneously. Techniques to avoid repeated collisions include:  CSMA/CD - Carrier sense with multiple access (CSMA); ...
Competitive and Fair Medium Access despite Reactive
Competitive and Fair Medium Access despite Reactive

... Now we present our A NTI JAM protocol: II. T HE A NTI JAM MAC P ROTOCOL The basic ideas of the A NTI JAM MAC protocol are inspired by slotted ALOHA schemes where nodes change their access probabilities over time, in particular the protocols described in [13] (which also uses access probabilities dep ...
Master Glossary
Master Glossary

... A specification for baseband Ethernet running up to 1 Gbps on Category 5 or above shielded or unshielded twisted-pair wiring. ...
Module 8
Module 8

... Hardware failure - router fails, destination device disconnected Improper configuration ...
Network Properties, Scalability and Requirements For Parallel Processing
Network Properties, Scalability and Requirements For Parallel Processing

... Usually Done by Data Link Layer ...
Gossip-based Signaling Dissemination Extension for Next Steps In
Gossip-based Signaling Dissemination Extension for Next Steps In

... flows. There also exist extensibility provisions within GIST that allow for more transport protocols to be used in the future. GIST is only concerned with transporting NSLP messages hop-by-hop between pairs of signaling nodes while the end-toend signaling functionality, if needed, is provided by the ...
Proceedings of USITS ’03: 4th USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Proceedings of USITS ’03: 4th USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems

... is good enough in practice. A node estimates n by using the length of the segment it partitions and its two neighboring segments. These three segment lengths are readily available at no extra cost from the two nodes between which x inserts itself in the ring. In Section 4.1, we show that the impact ...
Probability Model Based Energy Efficient and Reliable
Probability Model Based Energy Efficient and Reliable

... Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become more and more widely used and important in recent years. The properties of WSNs—which contain hundreds or thousands of sensors—are limited by the energy, the bandwidth, the capability of computing, etc. Moreover, in most applications, the WSNs are arranged ...
< 1 ... 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 ... 219 >

CAN bus

A controller area network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles, but is also used in many other contexts.Development of the CAN bus started in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH. The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. The 1988 BMW 8 Series was the first production vehicle to feature a CAN-based multiplex wiring system.Bosch published several versions of the CAN specification and the latest is CAN 2.0 published in 1991. This specification has two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. A CAN device that uses 11-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0A and a CAN device that uses 29-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0B. These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.In 1993 the International Organization for Standardization released the CAN standard ISO 11898 which was later restructured into two parts; ISO 11898-1 which covers the data link layer, and ISO 11898-2 which covers the CAN physical layer for high-speed CAN. ISO 11898-3 was released later and covers the CAN physical layer for low-speed, fault-tolerant CAN. The physical layer standards ISO 11898-2 and ISO 11898-3 are not part of the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification. These standards may be purchased from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).CAN in Automation (CiA) also published CAN standards; CAN Specification 2.0 part A and part B, but their status is now obsolete (superseded by ISO 11898-1).Bosch is still active in extending the CAN standards. In 2012 Bosch released CAN FD 1.0 or CAN with Flexible Data-Rate. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices.CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report