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Module 4 – Switching Concepts
Module 4 – Switching Concepts

... Using half-duplex, a host could either transmit or receive at one time, but not both. If the network is already in use, the transmission is delayed. When a collision occurs, the host that first detects the collision will send out a jam signal to the other hosts. Upon receiving the jam signal, each h ...
Data encapsulation
Data encapsulation

... 10Base-FL, but it limits the length of a cable segment to 412 meters • Gigabit Ethernet is the newest form of • Ethernet, raising network transmission speed to 1000 Mbps ...
slides - SmartLab
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... – Number of hops a query must traverse in order to obtain a response MPAC 2004 ...
3rd Edition: Chapter 3
3rd Edition: Chapter 3

... establishment (which can add delay)  simple: no connection state at sender, receiver  small segment header  no congestion control: UDP can blast away as fast as desired (more later on interaction with TCP!) ...
2009125182350Y5
2009125182350Y5

... • We definitely cannot include metrics in a route because each AS that is included in the path may use a different criteria for the metric • One system may use, internally, RIP, which defines hop count as the metric; another may use OSPF with minimum delay defined as the metric • The optimum path is ...
Hop Integrity in Computer Networks
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Serving DNS Using a Peer-to-Peer Lookup Service.
Serving DNS Using a Peer-to-Peer Lookup Service.

... An RRSet is a list of all the records matching a given domain name and resource type. For example, at the time of writing, www.nytimes.com has three address (A) records: 208.48.26.245, 64.94.185.200, and 208.48.26.200. These three answers compose the RRSet for (www.nytimes.com, A). DNSSEC uses publi ...
PPT - University of Michigan
PPT - University of Michigan

... “best effort” service, UDP segments may be: - lost - delivered out of order to app connectionless: - no handshaking between UDP sender, receiver - each UDP segment handled independently of others ...
Network Layer
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Self Organizing Wireless Mesh Networks

... 802.11 ARQ mechanism may have to retransmit the probe or the probe-ack packet several times to get it delivered correctly. This increases the RTT along that hop. Finally, if despite the ARQ mechanism, a probe or a probe-ack packet is lost, the sender node detect the loss, and increases the moving av ...
Slides - University of Michigan
Slides - University of Michigan

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Gigabit Fiber Ethernets (Optical Ethernet)
Gigabit Fiber Ethernets (Optical Ethernet)

... Ethernet (10/100/1000 Mbps) currently has a cost advantage that stems in large part from the volumes in production brought about by the use of this technology in the enterprise market. 10 GbE costs are not showing a significant cost advantage as yet, but this technology is very new and it has not ta ...
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ppt

... Have a window of packets ready for transmission Can send only those packets that are in the window up to the end of the window Every time an acknowledgement is received, window slides (and its size may be increased). Copyright Jorg Liebeherr 98, Modified with permission, Abdelzaher ...
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Technical University Berlin Telecommunication Networks Group Optimization of Handover Performance
Technical University Berlin Telecommunication Networks Group Optimization of Handover Performance

... foreign agent is broken. Though the current foreign agent is reachable, the mobile node registers with a new one. In these cases, an unnecessary handover is triggered. While with ECS a single handover impairs the communication quality less than with LCS, the overall number of handovers — necessary a ...
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Low Complexity Stable Link Scheduling for Maximizing Throughput

On the Design and Optimization of a Free Space
On the Design and Optimization of a Free Space

... cluster head can be equipped with multiple FSO transceivers for rich connectivity, and the links are full duplex. The link capacity from cluster head i to j is denoted by Cij . Due to LOS and narrow beam divergence, we assume Cij = Cji , for all i 6= j. The main design considerations for FSO network ...
3rd Edition: Chapter 4
3rd Edition: Chapter 4

... path from source to destination VC numbers, one number for each link along path entries in forwarding tables in routers along path ...
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... protocol  “best effort” service, UDP segments may be:  lost  delivered out of order to app  connectionless:  no handshaking between UDP sender, receiver  each UDP segment handled independently of others ...
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IPV6 - Workshops

... include mechanisms to support functions such as fragmentation, source routing and authentication. However choosing to allocate fixed fields in the datagram header for all mechanisms is inefficient because most datagrams do not use all fields. E.g. a header that contains an empty field can occupy a s ...
Arch Rock
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CAN bus

A controller area network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles, but is also used in many other contexts.Development of the CAN bus started in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH. The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. The 1988 BMW 8 Series was the first production vehicle to feature a CAN-based multiplex wiring system.Bosch published several versions of the CAN specification and the latest is CAN 2.0 published in 1991. This specification has two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. A CAN device that uses 11-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0A and a CAN device that uses 29-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0B. These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.In 1993 the International Organization for Standardization released the CAN standard ISO 11898 which was later restructured into two parts; ISO 11898-1 which covers the data link layer, and ISO 11898-2 which covers the CAN physical layer for high-speed CAN. ISO 11898-3 was released later and covers the CAN physical layer for low-speed, fault-tolerant CAN. The physical layer standards ISO 11898-2 and ISO 11898-3 are not part of the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification. These standards may be purchased from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).CAN in Automation (CiA) also published CAN standards; CAN Specification 2.0 part A and part B, but their status is now obsolete (superseded by ISO 11898-1).Bosch is still active in extending the CAN standards. In 2012 Bosch released CAN FD 1.0 or CAN with Flexible Data-Rate. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices.CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
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