Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
... Prof. Dr. E. Van Driessche Prof. Dr. S. Beeckmans [email protected] ...
... Prof. Dr. E. Van Driessche Prof. Dr. S. Beeckmans [email protected] ...
The Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium aceticum: a
... which Rnf was first discovered), are present (CACET_c16320CACET_c16370). As C. aceticum does not show a sodium dependence and its ATPase (encoded by CACET_c02130CACET_c02220) does not contain an Na⫹-liganding amino acid motif (23, 24), the Rnf complex probably generates a proton gradient, as found f ...
... which Rnf was first discovered), are present (CACET_c16320CACET_c16370). As C. aceticum does not show a sodium dependence and its ATPase (encoded by CACET_c02130CACET_c02220) does not contain an Na⫹-liganding amino acid motif (23, 24), the Rnf complex probably generates a proton gradient, as found f ...
Lecture notes Chapter 22-23
... OH groups of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, there is less hydrogen bonding between collagen fibrils. As a person ages, additional cross-links form between the fibrils, which make collagen less elastic. Bones, cartilage, and tendons become more brittle, and wrinkles are seen as the skin loses ela ...
... OH groups of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, there is less hydrogen bonding between collagen fibrils. As a person ages, additional cross-links form between the fibrils, which make collagen less elastic. Bones, cartilage, and tendons become more brittle, and wrinkles are seen as the skin loses ela ...
Spotlight on metabolic remodelling in heart failure
... flux-determining steps are located at the level of the mitochondrion such as pyruvate dehydrogenase for glucose and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 for fatty acid oxidation, which both generate the common end-product acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA, citric acid, or Krebs) ...
... flux-determining steps are located at the level of the mitochondrion such as pyruvate dehydrogenase for glucose and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 for fatty acid oxidation, which both generate the common end-product acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA, citric acid, or Krebs) ...
All 3 fates of pyruvate from glycolysis provide for the regeneration of
... Americans; high in Blacks & Hispanics. Obesity major risk factor (often controlled with weight loss). ...
... Americans; high in Blacks & Hispanics. Obesity major risk factor (often controlled with weight loss). ...
Divergent Evolution of ( )8-Barrel Enzymes
... activities. Whereas HisA does not show detectable HisF activity, HisF catalyses the HisA reaction, albeit with low efficiency (Lang et al., 2000). In analogy to HisA and HisF, phosphoribosyl anthranilate (PRA) isomerase (TrpF) and indole glycerol phosphate synthase (TrpC) are (βα)8-barrel containing ...
... activities. Whereas HisA does not show detectable HisF activity, HisF catalyses the HisA reaction, albeit with low efficiency (Lang et al., 2000). In analogy to HisA and HisF, phosphoribosyl anthranilate (PRA) isomerase (TrpF) and indole glycerol phosphate synthase (TrpC) are (βα)8-barrel containing ...
Sugar Transport in (Hyper-)Thermophilic Archaea
... Introduction rich in hydroxylated amino acids such as serine and threonine. This region may function as a flexible linker that connects the catalytic domain to the membrane anchoring region. Archaeal binding proteins studied so far are glycosylated, and it seems plausible that the flexible linker r ...
... Introduction rich in hydroxylated amino acids such as serine and threonine. This region may function as a flexible linker that connects the catalytic domain to the membrane anchoring region. Archaeal binding proteins studied so far are glycosylated, and it seems plausible that the flexible linker r ...
BCHEM 254 – METABOLISM IN HEALTH AND DISEASES II Lecture
... Nitrogen Bases: There are two kinds of nitrogen-containing bases in nucleic acids: purines and pyrimidines. Purines consist of two fused nitrogen-containing rings with a total of nine ring atoms. Pyridmidines have only a six-membered nitrogencontaining ring. Purines and pyrimidines are "flat", hydr ...
... Nitrogen Bases: There are two kinds of nitrogen-containing bases in nucleic acids: purines and pyrimidines. Purines consist of two fused nitrogen-containing rings with a total of nine ring atoms. Pyridmidines have only a six-membered nitrogencontaining ring. Purines and pyrimidines are "flat", hydr ...
Gluconeogenesis by Dr Tarek
... Site of gluconeogenesis • Major site of gluconeogenesis: Liver (90%) • Secondary site: Kidney cortex and in small intestine under some conditions. (10 %) • It takes place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. • The production of glucose is necessary for use as a fuel source by the brain, testes, eryth ...
... Site of gluconeogenesis • Major site of gluconeogenesis: Liver (90%) • Secondary site: Kidney cortex and in small intestine under some conditions. (10 %) • It takes place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. • The production of glucose is necessary for use as a fuel source by the brain, testes, eryth ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... Metabolism: is the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living cells. It is also refer to the intermediate steps within the cells in which the nutrient molecules or foodstuffs are metabolized and converted into cellular components catalysed by enzymes. The fate of dietary components a ...
... Metabolism: is the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living cells. It is also refer to the intermediate steps within the cells in which the nutrient molecules or foodstuffs are metabolized and converted into cellular components catalysed by enzymes. The fate of dietary components a ...
The Molecules of Movement
... If the velocity is too great, the myosin heads do not have as much time to form cross-bridges, which may result is less force ...
... If the velocity is too great, the myosin heads do not have as much time to form cross-bridges, which may result is less force ...
Amino group needs to be excreted
... glucose compare to that of aerobic breakdown of glucose? 3. Why is fat a useful source of energy during exercise? Name three types of activity during which fat supplies 50% or more of fuel. 4. Is protein a useful source of energy during exercise? ...
... glucose compare to that of aerobic breakdown of glucose? 3. Why is fat a useful source of energy during exercise? Name three types of activity during which fat supplies 50% or more of fuel. 4. Is protein a useful source of energy during exercise? ...
Test 5 Ch 2 - Kenton County Schools
... ____ 11. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following statements regarding the graph is true? a. Reaction 2 occurs faster than Reaction 3 because Reaction 2 requires more energy than Reaction 3. b. The difference between the graphs shown for Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 occurs because of a ...
... ____ 11. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following statements regarding the graph is true? a. Reaction 2 occurs faster than Reaction 3 because Reaction 2 requires more energy than Reaction 3. b. The difference between the graphs shown for Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 occurs because of a ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
Lecture 4: Digestion and Nutrient Metabolism
... Metabolism: fatty acids Catabolism or oxidation of fatty acids in fish is similar to that of mammals once you hydrolyze the fat (remove FA’s) the glycerol moeity goes back into glycolytic pathway for energy production release of triglycerides from adipose is under hormonal control obesity: dise ...
... Metabolism: fatty acids Catabolism or oxidation of fatty acids in fish is similar to that of mammals once you hydrolyze the fat (remove FA’s) the glycerol moeity goes back into glycolytic pathway for energy production release of triglycerides from adipose is under hormonal control obesity: dise ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
Metabolism of “surplus” amino acids
... synthesized – the figure that is commonly quoted in textbooks. However, the fumarate that is released by the action of argininosuccinase is recycled back to oxaloacetate via reactions of the citric acid cycle, including malate dehydrogenase, then transaminated to aspartate that is used in the reacti ...
... synthesized – the figure that is commonly quoted in textbooks. However, the fumarate that is released by the action of argininosuccinase is recycled back to oxaloacetate via reactions of the citric acid cycle, including malate dehydrogenase, then transaminated to aspartate that is used in the reacti ...
Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
... Northern European – low incidence Asian/African Americans – High ...
Carbon
... The C4 carbon Cycle • Regeneration of phosphenol-pyruvate consumes two high energy bonds from ATP • Movement between cells is by diffusion via plasmodesmata • Movement within cells is regulated by concentration gradients • This system generates a higher CO2 conc in bundle sheath cells than would oc ...
... The C4 carbon Cycle • Regeneration of phosphenol-pyruvate consumes two high energy bonds from ATP • Movement between cells is by diffusion via plasmodesmata • Movement within cells is regulated by concentration gradients • This system generates a higher CO2 conc in bundle sheath cells than would oc ...
Document
... For instance, the sodium ion of NaCl is given an oxidation state of +1, compared to the original Na0. This +1 value indicates that 1 electron was involved in the bonding process to the Cl, (that's the "1") and that the electron has been lost (that's the "+") to the chloride. Thus, that simple symbol ...
... For instance, the sodium ion of NaCl is given an oxidation state of +1, compared to the original Na0. This +1 value indicates that 1 electron was involved in the bonding process to the Cl, (that's the "1") and that the electron has been lost (that's the "+") to the chloride. Thus, that simple symbol ...
Enzymes lII: Clinical Applications
... measuring the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. The initial rate of an enzymatic reaction is directly proportional to the amount of enzyme present when the substrate concentrations are maintained at saturating levels (i.e., zero-order kinetics with respect to substrate concentration) a ...
... measuring the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. The initial rate of an enzymatic reaction is directly proportional to the amount of enzyme present when the substrate concentrations are maintained at saturating levels (i.e., zero-order kinetics with respect to substrate concentration) a ...
Enzyme changes in malnutrition - Journal of Clinical Pathology
... malnutrition plasma cholinesterase levels followed fairly closely those of albumin. In the malnourished infants the activity of this enzyme was reduced in the liver as well as in the plasma. In the next few years, measurements of this kind were extended to a number of other enzymes which can be dete ...
... malnutrition plasma cholinesterase levels followed fairly closely those of albumin. In the malnourished infants the activity of this enzyme was reduced in the liver as well as in the plasma. In the next few years, measurements of this kind were extended to a number of other enzymes which can be dete ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.