... elevated level of the cholesterol and triglycerides that caused adipogenesis.20 Differentiation process of fat cell known as adipogenesis is controlled by hormonalinduced coordinate expression and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ( ...
Red blood cells: proteomics, physiology and metabolism
... first identified by proteomics (splice isoform 4 of the Q04656 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 and the zinc transporter 1), while two different isoforms of calcium transporting ATPase, a ubiquitous form (isoform 1 or B) and a rare one (isoform 4 or XD) were found (6, 7). The presence of two transporter ...
... first identified by proteomics (splice isoform 4 of the Q04656 Copper-transporting ATPase 1 and the zinc transporter 1), while two different isoforms of calcium transporting ATPase, a ubiquitous form (isoform 1 or B) and a rare one (isoform 4 or XD) were found (6, 7). The presence of two transporter ...
Text - Enlighten: Publications
... composition is distinct from that of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cholesterol/sphingolipid microdomains [36]. The phospholipid layer is coated in a surface layer of proteins, which have a wide array of functions including roles in lipid metabolism, intracellular trafficking and signaling ...
... composition is distinct from that of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cholesterol/sphingolipid microdomains [36]. The phospholipid layer is coated in a surface layer of proteins, which have a wide array of functions including roles in lipid metabolism, intracellular trafficking and signaling ...
CASE 37
... maintain a fasting level of plasma glucose, however, the body reacts by mobilizing alternative fuel supplies (FFA and ketone bodies) and glucogenic precursor molecules (amino acids derived from protein breakdown). These changes result from a lack of insulin caused by decreased insulin secretion duri ...
... maintain a fasting level of plasma glucose, however, the body reacts by mobilizing alternative fuel supplies (FFA and ketone bodies) and glucogenic precursor molecules (amino acids derived from protein breakdown). These changes result from a lack of insulin caused by decreased insulin secretion duri ...
Studies of Fatty Acid Oxidation IX. The Effects of
... ling feature is the Km value for palmitate, which The effects of variation in the concentration is 0.05 mM. of palmitate-1-C14 on the respiratory activity of From the amounts of CltO¡ produced, the S-37 slices and the yield of C14O2are presented in amount of oxygen corresponding to complete oxi Tab ...
... ling feature is the Km value for palmitate, which The effects of variation in the concentration is 0.05 mM. of palmitate-1-C14 on the respiratory activity of From the amounts of CltO¡ produced, the S-37 slices and the yield of C14O2are presented in amount of oxygen corresponding to complete oxi Tab ...
H - IS MU
... fructose accumulates in blood and is excreted into the urine Disease is without any serious consequences. Fructose free diet. Diagnostics: positive reduction test with urine negativ result of specific test for glcose ...
... fructose accumulates in blood and is excreted into the urine Disease is without any serious consequences. Fructose free diet. Diagnostics: positive reduction test with urine negativ result of specific test for glcose ...
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Oxidative
... disease, cataracts, immune system decline and brain dysfunction [30]. Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of at least 50 diseases [31]. Fortunately, free radical formation is controlled naturally by various beneficial compounds known as antioxidant. It is when the availability of ...
... disease, cataracts, immune system decline and brain dysfunction [30]. Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of at least 50 diseases [31]. Fortunately, free radical formation is controlled naturally by various beneficial compounds known as antioxidant. It is when the availability of ...
The evolutionary loss of lipogenesis in parasitoids
... consume sugars and carbohydrates in these feeding experiments (figure 1). This is in contrast with the typical response to feeding found in most other animal species, where excess nutrients obtained through feeding are immediately stored into their lipid reserves. The lack of lipid synthesis (or lip ...
... consume sugars and carbohydrates in these feeding experiments (figure 1). This is in contrast with the typical response to feeding found in most other animal species, where excess nutrients obtained through feeding are immediately stored into their lipid reserves. The lack of lipid synthesis (or lip ...
Glycolysis
... 1) Feed-forward regulation, fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (the product of PFK-1) activates the pyruvate kinase 2) Covalent modification of pyruvate kinase, phosphorylation of this enzyme leads to inactivation in the liver. Low glucose level glucagon is ↑ cAMP ↑ phosphorylation and inactivation of py ...
... 1) Feed-forward regulation, fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (the product of PFK-1) activates the pyruvate kinase 2) Covalent modification of pyruvate kinase, phosphorylation of this enzyme leads to inactivation in the liver. Low glucose level glucagon is ↑ cAMP ↑ phosphorylation and inactivation of py ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Related Enzymes in Cell
... this might be due rather to the impermeability of the bacterial cells to these compounds than to the fact that the cells lacked the corresponding enzymes. In support of this theory, Youmans, Millman & Youmans (1956) presented qualitative data on the oxidation of all the intermediates of the tricarbo ...
... this might be due rather to the impermeability of the bacterial cells to these compounds than to the fact that the cells lacked the corresponding enzymes. In support of this theory, Youmans, Millman & Youmans (1956) presented qualitative data on the oxidation of all the intermediates of the tricarbo ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... suggest that Tyr94 and Trp311 play critical roles in catalysis. A pocket was found in the structure extending away from the catalytic site that can accommodate fatty acyl chains up to 16 carbons. An acyl carrier protein (ACP) binding site was also suggested. To study the physiological function of mo ...
... suggest that Tyr94 and Trp311 play critical roles in catalysis. A pocket was found in the structure extending away from the catalytic site that can accommodate fatty acyl chains up to 16 carbons. An acyl carrier protein (ACP) binding site was also suggested. To study the physiological function of mo ...
213 lactate dehydrog..
... mitochondrial membrane. b) The cycle is started by acetyl CoA (2 carbons) and oxaloacetate (4 carbons) to form citrate (6 carbons). It ends by oxaloacetate (4 carbons). The difference between the starting compound (6 carbons) and the ending compound (4 carbons) is 2 carbons that are removed in the f ...
... mitochondrial membrane. b) The cycle is started by acetyl CoA (2 carbons) and oxaloacetate (4 carbons) to form citrate (6 carbons). It ends by oxaloacetate (4 carbons). The difference between the starting compound (6 carbons) and the ending compound (4 carbons) is 2 carbons that are removed in the f ...
The Biochemical Machinery of Plastid Envelope
... cells contain proplastids, which ensure the continuity of plastids from generation to generation and are capable of considerable structural and metabolic plasticity to develop into various types of plastids that remain interconvertible. When leaves are grown in darkness, proplastids differentiate in ...
... cells contain proplastids, which ensure the continuity of plastids from generation to generation and are capable of considerable structural and metabolic plasticity to develop into various types of plastids that remain interconvertible. When leaves are grown in darkness, proplastids differentiate in ...
Trikenol plus
... In order to evaluate the anti-irritant efficacy of the Willow Extract in TRIKENOL PLUS, the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), enzyme that catalyzes the formation of inflammatory mediators from arachidonic acid, was measured. The assay was performed on primary cultures of keratinocytes determining ...
... In order to evaluate the anti-irritant efficacy of the Willow Extract in TRIKENOL PLUS, the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), enzyme that catalyzes the formation of inflammatory mediators from arachidonic acid, was measured. The assay was performed on primary cultures of keratinocytes determining ...
Why study? Genetic disorders of nucleotide metabolsm cause
... Nucleotides-Introduction and Purines ...
... Nucleotides-Introduction and Purines ...
Vanadium(V) complexes in enzyme systems: aqueous chemistry
... S. Bhattacharyya, A.S. Tracey / Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 85 (2001) 9 – 13 [5] M.J. Gresser, A.S. Tracey, N.D. Chasteen, in: Vanadates as Phosphate Analogs in Biochemistry. Vanadium in Biological Systems, ...
... S. Bhattacharyya, A.S. Tracey / Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 85 (2001) 9 – 13 [5] M.J. Gresser, A.S. Tracey, N.D. Chasteen, in: Vanadates as Phosphate Analogs in Biochemistry. Vanadium in Biological Systems, ...
Ch16-1 Fatty-acid-and-triacylglycerol
... Free fatty acids can be oxidized by many tissues— particularly liver and muscle—to provide energy. Fatty acids are also structural components of membrane lipids, such as phospholipids and glycolipids. Fatty acids are attached to certain intracellular proteins to enhance the ability of those pr ...
... Free fatty acids can be oxidized by many tissues— particularly liver and muscle—to provide energy. Fatty acids are also structural components of membrane lipids, such as phospholipids and glycolipids. Fatty acids are attached to certain intracellular proteins to enhance the ability of those pr ...
Autotrophic growth on methanol by bacteria isolated from activated
... isomerization to fructose-6-phosphate. These reactions are catalysed by 3-hexulosephosphate synthase and phospho-3-hexuloisomerase, respectively [2,8]. The subsequent cleavage of fructose-6-phosphate leads to synthesis of (phospho)-trioses. The unique reactions of the ribulose bisphosphate cycle - p ...
... isomerization to fructose-6-phosphate. These reactions are catalysed by 3-hexulosephosphate synthase and phospho-3-hexuloisomerase, respectively [2,8]. The subsequent cleavage of fructose-6-phosphate leads to synthesis of (phospho)-trioses. The unique reactions of the ribulose bisphosphate cycle - p ...
Divergent Evolution of Function in the ROK Sugar
... ABSTRACT: The D-allose and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine kinases of Escherichia coli K-12 are divergent members of the functionally diverse ROK (repressor, open reading frame, kinase) superfamily. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that AlsK and NanK possess weak phosphoryl transfer activity ...
... ABSTRACT: The D-allose and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine kinases of Escherichia coli K-12 are divergent members of the functionally diverse ROK (repressor, open reading frame, kinase) superfamily. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that AlsK and NanK possess weak phosphoryl transfer activity ...
PFK-2
... Intracellular pool of GLUT4 in membranous vesicles translocate to the cell membrane when insulin binds to its receptor. The presence of more receptors increases the Vmax for glucose uptake (does not affect Km). When insulin signal is withdrawn, GLUT4 proteins return to their ...
... Intracellular pool of GLUT4 in membranous vesicles translocate to the cell membrane when insulin binds to its receptor. The presence of more receptors increases the Vmax for glucose uptake (does not affect Km). When insulin signal is withdrawn, GLUT4 proteins return to their ...
Mitochondrial membrane lipid remodeling in
... Mitochondrial membrane lipids are involved in a number of processes as diverse as protein biogenesis, energy production, membrane fusion and apoptosis [12]. Moreover, spatially defined lipid distribution (Fig. 1A) may also affect mitochondrial processes as fusion and fission or the topology of protein ...
... Mitochondrial membrane lipids are involved in a number of processes as diverse as protein biogenesis, energy production, membrane fusion and apoptosis [12]. Moreover, spatially defined lipid distribution (Fig. 1A) may also affect mitochondrial processes as fusion and fission or the topology of protein ...
Sourcing, Storing And Handling Enzymes
... Occasionally a practical requires a very stable pH which uses a buffer to resist pH change. However, buffers must be used with caution because the chemicals involved can act as either a co-factor or an inhibitor to the enzyme, completely altering how it works and producing unexpected and incorrect r ...
... Occasionally a practical requires a very stable pH which uses a buffer to resist pH change. However, buffers must be used with caution because the chemicals involved can act as either a co-factor or an inhibitor to the enzyme, completely altering how it works and producing unexpected and incorrect r ...
Proliferation-Independent Control of Tumor Glycolysis by PDGFR
... had evidence of altered PDGF/PDGFR signaling did not bear mutated IDH1 (17). This dichotomy suggested to us that studying the role of an RTK, namely PDGFR, in regulating glioma glucose metabolism might be productively pursued in proneural glioma with normal IDH1 and activation of the PDGF/PDGFR grow ...
... had evidence of altered PDGF/PDGFR signaling did not bear mutated IDH1 (17). This dichotomy suggested to us that studying the role of an RTK, namely PDGFR, in regulating glioma glucose metabolism might be productively pursued in proneural glioma with normal IDH1 and activation of the PDGF/PDGFR grow ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.