enzymes
... The increase in highest quality first press juice yield can go up to at least 10% and the pressing time can be reduced by 20‐50% as a result of the presence of enzymes. ...
... The increase in highest quality first press juice yield can go up to at least 10% and the pressing time can be reduced by 20‐50% as a result of the presence of enzymes. ...
Chemical-Scale Studies of the Phe-Pro Conserved Motif in the Cys
... and Gly-Phe-Pip-Gly peptides have been reported (32). Using a similar solution NMR technique, it should be possible to determine ΔG(c-t) values for our series of unnatural analogs of proline following a Phe residue in model peptides. Model peptides Gly-Phe-XPro-Gly, where XPro represents Pro, Pip, A ...
... and Gly-Phe-Pip-Gly peptides have been reported (32). Using a similar solution NMR technique, it should be possible to determine ΔG(c-t) values for our series of unnatural analogs of proline following a Phe residue in model peptides. Model peptides Gly-Phe-XPro-Gly, where XPro represents Pro, Pip, A ...
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in plants: more
... whereas phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues is less abundant. Plants lack classic Tyr kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, that govern Tyr phosphorylation in animals. A long-standing debate questions whether plants have any Tyr-specific kinases and, although several protein ...
... whereas phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues is less abundant. Plants lack classic Tyr kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, that govern Tyr phosphorylation in animals. A long-standing debate questions whether plants have any Tyr-specific kinases and, although several protein ...
AtGLR3.4, a glutamate receptor channel-like gene is
... cytosolic calcium, Dubos et al. (2003) provided evidence for glycine to act synergistically together with glutamate in ligand-evoked calcium signals in plants. Focussing on the ubiquitously expressed Arabidopsis AtGLR3.4 gene, the present study aims on the elucidation of glutamate-based signalling n ...
... cytosolic calcium, Dubos et al. (2003) provided evidence for glycine to act synergistically together with glutamate in ligand-evoked calcium signals in plants. Focussing on the ubiquitously expressed Arabidopsis AtGLR3.4 gene, the present study aims on the elucidation of glutamate-based signalling n ...
Enzymes–II
... weights range from 12,000 to over 1 million. They are, therefore, very large compared with the substrates or functional group they act upon (Fig. 17–1). It has been observed that the molecular weights of many enzymes prove to be approximately an n-fold multiple (where n is an integer) of 17,500 whic ...
... weights range from 12,000 to over 1 million. They are, therefore, very large compared with the substrates or functional group they act upon (Fig. 17–1). It has been observed that the molecular weights of many enzymes prove to be approximately an n-fold multiple (where n is an integer) of 17,500 whic ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... oxygen deficiency, polyP in the Beggitoa cells was depolymerizedand Pi was released into the medium [44].Diatoms are also capable of polyP accumulation [45]. PolyP granules found in the bottom sediments are similar in size to those found in diatoms. It is supposed that the accumulated polyP enters b ...
... oxygen deficiency, polyP in the Beggitoa cells was depolymerizedand Pi was released into the medium [44].Diatoms are also capable of polyP accumulation [45]. PolyP granules found in the bottom sediments are similar in size to those found in diatoms. It is supposed that the accumulated polyP enters b ...
Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble, or only sparingly
... derived from malonyl-CoA, a three carbon compound. In the process, one carbon of malonylCoA is lost as CO2, providing some of the energy required for fatty acid synthesis. The concentration of malonyl-CoA in the cell limits the rate of fatty acid synthesis. 1. Malonyl-CoA is synthesized from cytosol ...
... derived from malonyl-CoA, a three carbon compound. In the process, one carbon of malonylCoA is lost as CO2, providing some of the energy required for fatty acid synthesis. The concentration of malonyl-CoA in the cell limits the rate of fatty acid synthesis. 1. Malonyl-CoA is synthesized from cytosol ...
Enzymes in jasmonate biosynthesis – Structure, function, regulation
... 2002)) mediates import of OPDA, and thus contributes to the biosynthesis of JAs (Theodoulou et al., 2005). CTS catalyzes the ATPdependent uptake of multiple b-oxidation substrates into peroxisomes. Reduced levels of JAs, impaired wound-induced JA accumulation, and reduced expression of the JA-depend ...
... 2002)) mediates import of OPDA, and thus contributes to the biosynthesis of JAs (Theodoulou et al., 2005). CTS catalyzes the ATPdependent uptake of multiple b-oxidation substrates into peroxisomes. Reduced levels of JAs, impaired wound-induced JA accumulation, and reduced expression of the JA-depend ...
Enzymes | Principles of Biology from Nature Education
... vitamins that are essential for proper nutrition and bodily function are coenzymes (e.g., vitamin C). For example, coenzyme A interacts with acetyl groups in fatty acid synthesis and pyruvate oxidation pathways of cellular respiration. Coenzyme A plays such an important role in these reactions, amon ...
... vitamins that are essential for proper nutrition and bodily function are coenzymes (e.g., vitamin C). For example, coenzyme A interacts with acetyl groups in fatty acid synthesis and pyruvate oxidation pathways of cellular respiration. Coenzyme A plays such an important role in these reactions, amon ...
3-2 Organelles and the Cytoplasm
... osmosis, and explain their role in physiological systems. • 3-6 Describe carrier-mediated transport and vesicular transport mechanisms used by cells to facilitate the absorption or removal of specific substances. • 3-7 Explain the origin and significance of the transmembrane potential. ...
... osmosis, and explain their role in physiological systems. • 3-6 Describe carrier-mediated transport and vesicular transport mechanisms used by cells to facilitate the absorption or removal of specific substances. • 3-7 Explain the origin and significance of the transmembrane potential. ...
ch_03_cells_presentation
... osmosis, and explain their role in physiological systems. • 3-6 Describe carrier-mediated transport and vesicular transport mechanisms used by cells to facilitate the absorption or removal of specific substances. • 3-7 Explain the origin and significance of the transmembrane potential. ...
... osmosis, and explain their role in physiological systems. • 3-6 Describe carrier-mediated transport and vesicular transport mechanisms used by cells to facilitate the absorption or removal of specific substances. • 3-7 Explain the origin and significance of the transmembrane potential. ...
PLANT PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES
... plants implicate PP1 and/or PP2 activity in signal transduction, hormonal regulation, mitosis, and control of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Classification of mammalian PP1 and PP2 is based on their unique substrate specificities and sensitivities to various inhibitors (52). PP1 dephosphorylates th ...
... plants implicate PP1 and/or PP2 activity in signal transduction, hormonal regulation, mitosis, and control of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Classification of mammalian PP1 and PP2 is based on their unique substrate specificities and sensitivities to various inhibitors (52). PP1 dephosphorylates th ...
prosthetic group as non polypeptide biocatalyst essential for
... A tightly bound non-polypeptide structure required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein, for example the haem of haemoglobin. A characteristic non amino acid substance that is strongly bound to a protein and necessary for the protein portion of an enzyme to function; often used to describe ...
... A tightly bound non-polypeptide structure required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein, for example the haem of haemoglobin. A characteristic non amino acid substance that is strongly bound to a protein and necessary for the protein portion of an enzyme to function; often used to describe ...
Transporters of nucleotide sugars, nucleotide
... as substrates in glycosylation, sulfation, and phosphorylation of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. Previously, biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrated that these transporters are highly specific for solute transport (Hirschberg, 1996; Hirschberg and Snider, 1987), are often organ ...
... as substrates in glycosylation, sulfation, and phosphorylation of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. Previously, biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrated that these transporters are highly specific for solute transport (Hirschberg, 1996; Hirschberg and Snider, 1987), are often organ ...
Malonyl CoenzymeA Decarboxylase Regulates Lipid and
... are inversely correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (1). Increasing evidence suggests that extensive triacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle (i.e., ectopic fat deposition) impairs insulin signaling and glucose uptake and contributes to an intracellular energy imbalance characteristi ...
... are inversely correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (1). Increasing evidence suggests that extensive triacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle (i.e., ectopic fat deposition) impairs insulin signaling and glucose uptake and contributes to an intracellular energy imbalance characteristi ...
Characterizing the complexity of enzymes on the basis of their
... MACiE website). The differences in catalytic propensity are further seen in the functions that the residues are carrying out in the six different enzyme classes (as defined by the EC). It is possible to split the functions that the catalytic residues are performing into seven categories: (a) activati ...
... MACiE website). The differences in catalytic propensity are further seen in the functions that the residues are carrying out in the six different enzyme classes (as defined by the EC). It is possible to split the functions that the catalytic residues are performing into seven categories: (a) activati ...
Fatty Acid Metabolism - Weber State University
... in the urine are a strong indication of diabetes. Lack of sufficient insulin results in high blood sugar levels that spill glucose into the urine. Since cells are not stimulated to absorb glucose so they must resort to fatty acid oxidation. Low levels of carbohydrate-derived carbon skeletons prevent ...
... in the urine are a strong indication of diabetes. Lack of sufficient insulin results in high blood sugar levels that spill glucose into the urine. Since cells are not stimulated to absorb glucose so they must resort to fatty acid oxidation. Low levels of carbohydrate-derived carbon skeletons prevent ...
Arginine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and survival in
... to synthesize arginine (20, 37, 41), and the small intestine is a key site of net arginine synthesis in neonates (39, 42, 43). Thus the gut appears to play a critical role in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonates (13, 40). Evidence from in vitro metabolic studies with primary cells and transf ...
... to synthesize arginine (20, 37, 41), and the small intestine is a key site of net arginine synthesis in neonates (39, 42, 43). Thus the gut appears to play a critical role in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonates (13, 40). Evidence from in vitro metabolic studies with primary cells and transf ...
1 - Cardiovascular Research
... We and others propose that interruptions in glucose and FA metabolism in the heart are the geneses of diabetic cardiomyopathy.8,26,38,39 Following diabetes, myocardial GLUT4 gene and protein expression are reduced.8,27 However, hyperglycaemia sustains glucose uptake by the diabetic heart, such that ...
... We and others propose that interruptions in glucose and FA metabolism in the heart are the geneses of diabetic cardiomyopathy.8,26,38,39 Following diabetes, myocardial GLUT4 gene and protein expression are reduced.8,27 However, hyperglycaemia sustains glucose uptake by the diabetic heart, such that ...
Plasma membrane
... angles to one another occupies the centrosome. This micrograph, produced by a ...
... angles to one another occupies the centrosome. This micrograph, produced by a ...
Bioinformatics approaches for functional
... Membrane proteins perform diverse functions in living organisms such as transporters, receptors and channels. The functions of membrane proteins have been investigated with several computational approaches, such as developing databases, analyzing the structure ^ function relationship and establishin ...
... Membrane proteins perform diverse functions in living organisms such as transporters, receptors and channels. The functions of membrane proteins have been investigated with several computational approaches, such as developing databases, analyzing the structure ^ function relationship and establishin ...
V6-SecondaryStructur.. - Chair of Computational Biology
... - they are key components for cell-cell signaling - they mediate the transport of ions and solutes across the membrane - they are crucial for recognition of self. ...
... - they are key components for cell-cell signaling - they mediate the transport of ions and solutes across the membrane - they are crucial for recognition of self. ...
AKA TCA CYCLE, KREB`S CYCLE
... •succinate transported to mito where it is converted to oxaloactate via TCA •acetate can be used as C source via glyoxylate cycle: 1st converted to acetyl CoA by acetate thiokinase acetate + CoA-SH + ATP ----> acetyl CoA + AMP + PPi 4. glyoxylate cycle and also some of the β oxidation of FAs (fatty ...
... •succinate transported to mito where it is converted to oxaloactate via TCA •acetate can be used as C source via glyoxylate cycle: 1st converted to acetyl CoA by acetate thiokinase acetate + CoA-SH + ATP ----> acetyl CoA + AMP + PPi 4. glyoxylate cycle and also some of the β oxidation of FAs (fatty ...
ester formation in brewery fermentations
... It is believed that acetate esters are synthesized by an enzyme called alcohol acetyl transferase (AAT) which uses as substrates an alcohol and acetyl co-enzyme A; the latter plays a central role in many intracellular reactions. However, esters can also be synthesized by esterase enzymes working in ...
... It is believed that acetate esters are synthesized by an enzyme called alcohol acetyl transferase (AAT) which uses as substrates an alcohol and acetyl co-enzyme A; the latter plays a central role in many intracellular reactions. However, esters can also be synthesized by esterase enzymes working in ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.