Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a s ...
... of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a s ...
Slide 1
... Cellular respiration produces 38 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule ENERGY RELEASING!! Like burning fuel in car or burning wood in fireplace ...
... Cellular respiration produces 38 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule ENERGY RELEASING!! Like burning fuel in car or burning wood in fireplace ...
Role of TCA cycle and glyoxylate shunt for succinic acid production
... extremely important role in the food and beverage industry. Because its ability to produce ethanol, via alcoholic fermentation of different sugars as carbon sources, it’s widely used for the industrial production of alcoholic beverages like beer, wine or sake. During the fermentation process CO2 is ...
... extremely important role in the food and beverage industry. Because its ability to produce ethanol, via alcoholic fermentation of different sugars as carbon sources, it’s widely used for the industrial production of alcoholic beverages like beer, wine or sake. During the fermentation process CO2 is ...
FATTY ACID CATABOLISM
... completely oxidized to CO2 in the citric acid cycle, resulting in further energy conservation. In some species and in some tissues, the acetyl-CoA has alternative fates. In liver, acetyl-CoA may be converted to ketone bodies—water-soluble fuels exported to the brain and other tissues when glucose is ...
... completely oxidized to CO2 in the citric acid cycle, resulting in further energy conservation. In some species and in some tissues, the acetyl-CoA has alternative fates. In liver, acetyl-CoA may be converted to ketone bodies—water-soluble fuels exported to the brain and other tissues when glucose is ...
Chapter 3
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
Print this article - Journals at the University of Arizona
... retained EAAs have hampered wider application of the method to investigate issues such as reservoir effects. Here, we report significant improvements to the method that enable quicker separation of a range of amino acids from bone collagen, making the method suitable both for routine 14C dating of h ...
... retained EAAs have hampered wider application of the method to investigate issues such as reservoir effects. Here, we report significant improvements to the method that enable quicker separation of a range of amino acids from bone collagen, making the method suitable both for routine 14C dating of h ...
MusselsAlive Report
... elements were Br, Zn and Fe. Even though most elements found in seafood are necessary in several human metabolic processes they must be taken from the diet in balanced doses, as low intakes results in nutritional deficiencies, but high intakes can result in toxicity. Considering this dichotomy, risk ...
... elements were Br, Zn and Fe. Even though most elements found in seafood are necessary in several human metabolic processes they must be taken from the diet in balanced doses, as low intakes results in nutritional deficiencies, but high intakes can result in toxicity. Considering this dichotomy, risk ...
Protein Proteinase Inhibitors in Male Sex Glands
... Related to the number of aspartic acid residues in this fraction and in fractions a and b only a value of 6 half-cystine residues is possible. The low yield by performic acid oxidation cannot be easily explained. ...
... Related to the number of aspartic acid residues in this fraction and in fractions a and b only a value of 6 half-cystine residues is possible. The low yield by performic acid oxidation cannot be easily explained. ...
Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. nov., isolated from agricultural soil
... Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed from a comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the relationships between strain 11N27T and related species. Bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 replications) .50 % are shown at branch points. Filled circles indicate that the corr ...
... Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed from a comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the relationships between strain 11N27T and related species. Bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 replications) .50 % are shown at branch points. Filled circles indicate that the corr ...
Urinalysis
... dehydroge nase converts glucose to gluconic acid while reducing coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) , the product of which is measured spectrophotom etrically. ...
... dehydroge nase converts glucose to gluconic acid while reducing coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) , the product of which is measured spectrophotom etrically. ...
Methyl Jasmonate-Elicited Transcriptional
... of raw materials for extraction of many valuable secondary metabolites, increasing the production of these compounds in plants is a well-established target for genetic manipulation through traditional and biotechnological approaches (Goossens et al., 2003; Canter et al., 2005; Alfermann, 2010; Lange ...
... of raw materials for extraction of many valuable secondary metabolites, increasing the production of these compounds in plants is a well-established target for genetic manipulation through traditional and biotechnological approaches (Goossens et al., 2003; Canter et al., 2005; Alfermann, 2010; Lange ...
Plant Chloroplasts and Other Plastids
... Specialized Functions of Envelope Membranes: Import of Proteins and Exchange of Metabolites Import of proteins Since the initial endosymbiotic event, the major part of the plastid genes has been transferred to the nucleus. In consequence, most of the plastid proteins are coded for by nuclear genes a ...
... Specialized Functions of Envelope Membranes: Import of Proteins and Exchange of Metabolites Import of proteins Since the initial endosymbiotic event, the major part of the plastid genes has been transferred to the nucleus. In consequence, most of the plastid proteins are coded for by nuclear genes a ...
Adult Refsum Disease: A Form of Tapetoretinal Dystrophy
... the plasma level of exclusively phytanic acid is caused by the deficient activity of phytanoylCoA-hydroxylase (PHYH ), a peroxisomal protein that catalyzes the first step in the a-oxidation of phytanic acid (Fig. 5).3,12,13 In a few cases levels of phytanic acid are only slightly raised, but in all ...
... the plasma level of exclusively phytanic acid is caused by the deficient activity of phytanoylCoA-hydroxylase (PHYH ), a peroxisomal protein that catalyzes the first step in the a-oxidation of phytanic acid (Fig. 5).3,12,13 In a few cases levels of phytanic acid are only slightly raised, but in all ...
The Effect of Disulphides on Mitochondrial Oxidations
... dria at pH7-4 a constant thiol concentration could be main. ml.) in the presence or absence of cystamine or cysteamine tained for several hours. Thiolated Sephadex was prepared at 300 for 7min. were performed without substrate and coaccording to the method developed by Eldjarn & Jellum factors. The ...
... dria at pH7-4 a constant thiol concentration could be main. ml.) in the presence or absence of cystamine or cysteamine tained for several hours. Thiolated Sephadex was prepared at 300 for 7min. were performed without substrate and coaccording to the method developed by Eldjarn & Jellum factors. The ...
Fermentative degradation of glycolic acid by defined syntrophic
... homoacetogenic bacterium or a hydrogen-utilizing methanogenic bacterium; the overall fermentation balance was either 4 glycolate ~ 3 acetate + 2CO2, or 4 glycolate ~ 3 CH4 + 5 CO2. These transformations indicate that glycolate was converted by the primary fermenting bacterium entirely to CO2 and red ...
... homoacetogenic bacterium or a hydrogen-utilizing methanogenic bacterium; the overall fermentation balance was either 4 glycolate ~ 3 acetate + 2CO2, or 4 glycolate ~ 3 CH4 + 5 CO2. These transformations indicate that glycolate was converted by the primary fermenting bacterium entirely to CO2 and red ...
biochem ch 46 [9-4
... o In intestine, MCTs hydrolyzed by gastric lipase, bile salt-dependent lipases, and pancreatic lipase more readily than LCTs o In enterocytes, hydrolyzed MCTs released directly into portal circulation (fatty acids that short are somewhat water-soluble); in liver, they diffuse through inner mitochond ...
... o In intestine, MCTs hydrolyzed by gastric lipase, bile salt-dependent lipases, and pancreatic lipase more readily than LCTs o In enterocytes, hydrolyzed MCTs released directly into portal circulation (fatty acids that short are somewhat water-soluble); in liver, they diffuse through inner mitochond ...
Mechanism of Carbanion Stabilization by PLP, Cont`d
... • Professor W. Jencks, in his classic text, Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology, writes: – “It has been said that God created an organism especially adapted to help the biologist find an answer to every question about the physiology of living systems; ...
... • Professor W. Jencks, in his classic text, Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology, writes: – “It has been said that God created an organism especially adapted to help the biologist find an answer to every question about the physiology of living systems; ...
Insulin - Лекарства - билки, фармация
... Ramipril is a 2-aza-bicyclo [3.3.0]-octane-3carboxylic acid derivative. It is a white, crystalline substance soluble in polar organic solvents and buffered aqueous solutions. Ramipril melts between 105°C and 112°C. Its empiric formula is C23H32N2O5, and its molecular weight is 416.5. Ramiprilat, th ...
... Ramipril is a 2-aza-bicyclo [3.3.0]-octane-3carboxylic acid derivative. It is a white, crystalline substance soluble in polar organic solvents and buffered aqueous solutions. Ramipril melts between 105°C and 112°C. Its empiric formula is C23H32N2O5, and its molecular weight is 416.5. Ramiprilat, th ...
Oxidation and Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Soluble Enzyme Systems
... In the case of liver mitochondria an alternative pathway is provided at the stage of acetoacetyl CoA (Fig. 4). In addition to the possibility of cleavage to two molecules of acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA can be deacylated to form acetoacetate and free CoA (35). When any reagent which interferes with t ...
... In the case of liver mitochondria an alternative pathway is provided at the stage of acetoacetyl CoA (Fig. 4). In addition to the possibility of cleavage to two molecules of acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA can be deacylated to form acetoacetate and free CoA (35). When any reagent which interferes with t ...
7 | cellular respiration
... The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule requires energy. Phosphate groups are negatively charged and thus repel one another when they are arranged in series, as they are in ADP and ATP. This repulsion makes the ADP and ATP molecules inherently unstable. The release of one or two phosphate gr ...
... The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule requires energy. Phosphate groups are negatively charged and thus repel one another when they are arranged in series, as they are in ADP and ATP. This repulsion makes the ADP and ATP molecules inherently unstable. The release of one or two phosphate gr ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
Dehydrogenase Complexes of Corn (Zea mays L.) and Soybean
... grass-specific herbicides showed the following: (a) an accumulation of free sugars in mature leaves of the injured plant (1, 5), (b) the appearance of purple leaf coloration due to the accumulation of anthocyanin (1), (c) the simultaneous inhibition of respiration and lipid synthesis in cultured cel ...
... grass-specific herbicides showed the following: (a) an accumulation of free sugars in mature leaves of the injured plant (1, 5), (b) the appearance of purple leaf coloration due to the accumulation of anthocyanin (1), (c) the simultaneous inhibition of respiration and lipid synthesis in cultured cel ...
the lecture in Powerpoint Format
... 6.3 Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules Cellular respiration is an exergonic process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to form ATP. Cellular respiration – produces up to 32 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule and – captures only about 34% of the energy original ...
... 6.3 Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules Cellular respiration is an exergonic process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to form ATP. Cellular respiration – produces up to 32 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule and – captures only about 34% of the energy original ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.