the lecture in Powerpoint Format
... 6.3 Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules Cellular respiration is an exergonic process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to form ATP. Cellular respiration – produces up to 32 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule and – captures only about 34% of the energy original ...
... 6.3 Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules Cellular respiration is an exergonic process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to form ATP. Cellular respiration – produces up to 32 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule and – captures only about 34% of the energy original ...
Enterococcus lactis sp. nov., from Italian raw milk cheeses
... polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and the phenotypic properties revealed that the isolates represent a novel enterococcal species. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were closely related to Enterococcus hirae ATCC 8043T, Enterococcus durans CECT 411T and Enterococcus faecium ATCC ...
... polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and the phenotypic properties revealed that the isolates represent a novel enterococcal species. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were closely related to Enterococcus hirae ATCC 8043T, Enterococcus durans CECT 411T and Enterococcus faecium ATCC ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
PloS one
... abundance of these sugars as well as in arabinose, lyxose and xylose between 20 and 30 DAA. The general decrease in sugars was coupled to the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose, which are desiccation-associated sugars. Raffinose increased 100-fold, a finding that emphasizes the functional rele ...
... abundance of these sugars as well as in arabinose, lyxose and xylose between 20 and 30 DAA. The general decrease in sugars was coupled to the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose, which are desiccation-associated sugars. Raffinose increased 100-fold, a finding that emphasizes the functional rele ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone, signals low blood sugar and lowers the level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the liver. This stimulates gluconeogenesis and the production of glucose. ...
... Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone, signals low blood sugar and lowers the level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the liver. This stimulates gluconeogenesis and the production of glucose. ...
The experiments provide ne~~~den~~~~t the r&rate clewage pathway... of carbon for the synthesis of $tty ack& k‘l...
... extramitochondrial synth@sisof fatty acids when the major source of carbon is pyruvate. The ixperiments presented’ below involved the use of a reconstituted system consisting of mitoehondria and high speed superntttant (cytopiasmic protein) prepared from rat Iliver, ‘In martial experiments we used & ...
... extramitochondrial synth@sisof fatty acids when the major source of carbon is pyruvate. The ixperiments presented’ below involved the use of a reconstituted system consisting of mitoehondria and high speed superntttant (cytopiasmic protein) prepared from rat Iliver, ‘In martial experiments we used & ...
Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... pancreas. T2D pathogenesis includes genetic as well as environmental factors, but despite extensive research in this field the detailed mechanisms are yet incompletely known. The development of T2D is commonly associated with obesity and often with hypertension and dyslipidemia. These latter complic ...
... pancreas. T2D pathogenesis includes genetic as well as environmental factors, but despite extensive research in this field the detailed mechanisms are yet incompletely known. The development of T2D is commonly associated with obesity and often with hypertension and dyslipidemia. These latter complic ...
25. biosynthesis of lipids
... This reaction is very similar to other biotin-dependent carboxylation reactions, such as those catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is also important because it is a regulatory step ; citrate acts as an allosteric activator for the animal enzyme, bu ...
... This reaction is very similar to other biotin-dependent carboxylation reactions, such as those catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is also important because it is a regulatory step ; citrate acts as an allosteric activator for the animal enzyme, bu ...
Hepatic Steatosis - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
... whereas liver TG content is decreased compared with wildtype mice.17 These observations in mouse models without excessive changes in adipose tissue mass prove that alterations in whole-body FFA/TG partitioning inversely modulate TG content in the liver. The extrahepatic regulation of liver TG conten ...
... whereas liver TG content is decreased compared with wildtype mice.17 These observations in mouse models without excessive changes in adipose tissue mass prove that alterations in whole-body FFA/TG partitioning inversely modulate TG content in the liver. The extrahepatic regulation of liver TG conten ...
The Effect of Detergents on Amino Acid Liberation by
... were all branched-chain aliphatic types (valine, leucine and isoleucine). A transport system may therefore exist in A . variabilis which is specific for these amino acids and which is disrupted by MYRJ 45 but not MYRJ 52. The incorporation of detergents into the growth medium of FT-9 resulted in cha ...
... were all branched-chain aliphatic types (valine, leucine and isoleucine). A transport system may therefore exist in A . variabilis which is specific for these amino acids and which is disrupted by MYRJ 45 but not MYRJ 52. The incorporation of detergents into the growth medium of FT-9 resulted in cha ...
AFLUID June 47/6 - AJP
... through systems similar to those that operate in other highly differentiated cells such as neurons (18, 26). Uptake of amino acids (AA) is essential for many cellular processes like protein synthesis, hormone metabolism, regulation of cell growth, and osmotic volume changes (5, 26, 29). Different AA ...
... through systems similar to those that operate in other highly differentiated cells such as neurons (18, 26). Uptake of amino acids (AA) is essential for many cellular processes like protein synthesis, hormone metabolism, regulation of cell growth, and osmotic volume changes (5, 26, 29). Different AA ...
VITAMINS
... acid enhances iron absorption by keeping it in the ferrous form. This is due to reducing property of Vitamin C. it help in the formation of ferritin (storage form of iron) and metaboilzation of iron from ferritin. Vitamin C is useful in the reconversion of methemoglobin to hemoglogin. The degradatio ...
... acid enhances iron absorption by keeping it in the ferrous form. This is due to reducing property of Vitamin C. it help in the formation of ferritin (storage form of iron) and metaboilzation of iron from ferritin. Vitamin C is useful in the reconversion of methemoglobin to hemoglogin. The degradatio ...
The rate of glycolysis quantitatively mediates specific
... altered. Changes in metabolite levels, if they are used as substrates or cofactors for enzymes that carry out posttranslational modifications (PTMs), could allow for metabolism to confer an active role in cell physiology thus conferring signaling functions [4, 15–17]. For example, if these PTMs affe ...
... altered. Changes in metabolite levels, if they are used as substrates or cofactors for enzymes that carry out posttranslational modifications (PTMs), could allow for metabolism to confer an active role in cell physiology thus conferring signaling functions [4, 15–17]. For example, if these PTMs affe ...
Experiment 1 - Melting Points - NAU jan.ucc.nau.edu web server
... to overcome the intermolecular forces (such as Van der Waals, dipole-dipole, and Hbonding) that confine them to the solid state. The determination of melting points is particularly important to organic chemists, since they often work with solid molecular compounds that have low melting points (below ...
... to overcome the intermolecular forces (such as Van der Waals, dipole-dipole, and Hbonding) that confine them to the solid state. The determination of melting points is particularly important to organic chemists, since they often work with solid molecular compounds that have low melting points (below ...
Acid-Base Equilibria and Activity
... stable than neutral HNO3 in water. The dissociation of NaOH in water is similar in that the H2 O acts as an acid by providing a proton to the NaOH salt. NaOH + H+ · ·OH− GGGA Na+ (aq) + OH− · ·H+ + OH− (aq) The two dots, ··, represent the bond that breaks in a water molecule (left side of the reacti ...
... stable than neutral HNO3 in water. The dissociation of NaOH in water is similar in that the H2 O acts as an acid by providing a proton to the NaOH salt. NaOH + H+ · ·OH− GGGA Na+ (aq) + OH− · ·H+ + OH− (aq) The two dots, ··, represent the bond that breaks in a water molecule (left side of the reacti ...
Amino Acid Oxidation, the Production of Urea, and Amino Acid
... the pool is exactly balanced by the quantity that enters the pool. Digestion of Proteins Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The stomach secretes HCl which lowers the pH of the stomach contents to between 1 and 2. The low pH serves to denature the dietary proteins. Denatured proteins are more ...
... the pool is exactly balanced by the quantity that enters the pool. Digestion of Proteins Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The stomach secretes HCl which lowers the pH of the stomach contents to between 1 and 2. The low pH serves to denature the dietary proteins. Denatured proteins are more ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... • Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen • Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and organic molecules and yields ATP • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 ...
... • Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen • Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and organic molecules and yields ATP • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 ...
Lecture 6 - TCA cycle I - University of Lethbridge
... Catabolism of Proteins, Fats, and Carbohydrates Cellular respiration involves three main phases: Phase 1 Carbon skeletons of organic fuel molecules are degraded to acetyl groups that are attached to acetyl-CoA Phase 2 Oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle ...
... Catabolism of Proteins, Fats, and Carbohydrates Cellular respiration involves three main phases: Phase 1 Carbon skeletons of organic fuel molecules are degraded to acetyl groups that are attached to acetyl-CoA Phase 2 Oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle ...
Chapter 14b
... Summary of Chapter 14b 1. Gluconeogenesis - is the biosynthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors at liver and kidney (minor). - Glycogen stored in liver is only a half day supply of glucose to brain which uses only glucose as fuel. - Initially, glycolysis products (pyruvate & lactate), ci ...
... Summary of Chapter 14b 1. Gluconeogenesis - is the biosynthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors at liver and kidney (minor). - Glycogen stored in liver is only a half day supply of glucose to brain which uses only glucose as fuel. - Initially, glycolysis products (pyruvate & lactate), ci ...
VI. Reaction Coupling and ATP
... 4. Competitive inhibition • molecule binds to active site • prevents substrate binding ...
... 4. Competitive inhibition • molecule binds to active site • prevents substrate binding ...
video slide - Somers Public Schools
... • Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen • Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and organic molecules and yields ATP • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 ...
... • Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen • Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and organic molecules and yields ATP • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 ...
Chapter 9
... • Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen • Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and organic molecules and yields ATP • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 ...
... • Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen • Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and organic molecules and yields ATP • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 ...
How to move an amphipathic molecule across a lipid
... rather than free fatty acids [13]. In agreement with this, glycosomes (specialized peroxisomes) from Trypanosoma brucei incorporate radiolabelled oleoyl-CoA in an ABC transporter-dependent manner [40] and isolated human peroxisomes are able to oxidize C26:0 -CoA [19]. Stimulation of CTS-dependent AT ...
... rather than free fatty acids [13]. In agreement with this, glycosomes (specialized peroxisomes) from Trypanosoma brucei incorporate radiolabelled oleoyl-CoA in an ABC transporter-dependent manner [40] and isolated human peroxisomes are able to oxidize C26:0 -CoA [19]. Stimulation of CTS-dependent AT ...
Peptide Library Synthesis
... pyridine 5.2. The test is carried out by adding 2 drops of A, 1 drop of B and 1 drop of C to the test sample (usually 1-2 mg of resin, 10-20 resin particles) contained in a small glass test tube and then heating the tube for 2-5 minutes on a hot plate. 5.3. A blue coloration of the resin is a positi ...
... pyridine 5.2. The test is carried out by adding 2 drops of A, 1 drop of B and 1 drop of C to the test sample (usually 1-2 mg of resin, 10-20 resin particles) contained in a small glass test tube and then heating the tube for 2-5 minutes on a hot plate. 5.3. A blue coloration of the resin is a positi ...
PDF
... 4.1). The instrumental parameters were optimized during the direct infusion of the compounds with 50 % solvent (0.1 % acetic acid in water/acetonitrile at 1:1 [v/v]) at a flow rate of a 5 μL/min. The [M+H] + ions of the compounds were identified by LC-MS, with the MS1 operated in the full scanning m ...
... 4.1). The instrumental parameters were optimized during the direct infusion of the compounds with 50 % solvent (0.1 % acetic acid in water/acetonitrile at 1:1 [v/v]) at a flow rate of a 5 μL/min. The [M+H] + ions of the compounds were identified by LC-MS, with the MS1 operated in the full scanning m ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.