Metabolism (degradation) of triacylglycerols and fatty acids
... • Oxidation of FAs with a very long chain (VLCFAs, > 20 carbon atoms) in mitochondria is not efficient • FA degradation pathways in peroxisomes: β-oxidation of VLCFAs (> 18 C – a specific acyl CoA ...
... • Oxidation of FAs with a very long chain (VLCFAs, > 20 carbon atoms) in mitochondria is not efficient • FA degradation pathways in peroxisomes: β-oxidation of VLCFAs (> 18 C – a specific acyl CoA ...
Glucose Support Formula
... • Gymnema sylvestre, an herb used for over 2,000 years in India and standardized to contain 75% gymnemic acids, to nutritionally support the insulin producing cells of the pancreas.* • Alpha lipoic acid, a versatile nutrient that provides powerful antioxidant activity and sustains healthy glucose ...
... • Gymnema sylvestre, an herb used for over 2,000 years in India and standardized to contain 75% gymnemic acids, to nutritionally support the insulin producing cells of the pancreas.* • Alpha lipoic acid, a versatile nutrient that provides powerful antioxidant activity and sustains healthy glucose ...
Dr: Anwar J almzaiel Glycolysis
... of O2 is present, the results of anaerobic glycolysis is 2pyruvate2 + 2 NADH + 2 ATP, if oxygen is not available (not sufficient, such as hypoxia, anoxia complete deficiency of O2). The result of anaerobic glycolysis is 2 lactate + 2 ATP. All of the enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol. Un ...
... of O2 is present, the results of anaerobic glycolysis is 2pyruvate2 + 2 NADH + 2 ATP, if oxygen is not available (not sufficient, such as hypoxia, anoxia complete deficiency of O2). The result of anaerobic glycolysis is 2 lactate + 2 ATP. All of the enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol. Un ...
Lipids - AHSbogna
... • Most common fat in plants and animals, used in storage • A molecule of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone: fatty acid fatty acid fatty acid ...
... • Most common fat in plants and animals, used in storage • A molecule of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone: fatty acid fatty acid fatty acid ...
`Metabolic flux` describes the rate of flow of intermediates through a
... Negative effector (non-biological); stabilizes T-state ...
... Negative effector (non-biological); stabilizes T-state ...
Water - University of California, Los Angeles
... Negative effector (non-biological); stabilizes T-state ...
... Negative effector (non-biological); stabilizes T-state ...
Organic Compounds
... Provide structure for: cells, bones, muscles, tissues, organs, hormones…most everything in the body! Special Function: Proteins are responsible for cell metabolism (via enzymes) ...
... Provide structure for: cells, bones, muscles, tissues, organs, hormones…most everything in the body! Special Function: Proteins are responsible for cell metabolism (via enzymes) ...
Document
... • Ca2+ returned to SR by Ca2+ active transporter • ATP hydrolysis (+Mg) reextends myosin head ...
... • Ca2+ returned to SR by Ca2+ active transporter • ATP hydrolysis (+Mg) reextends myosin head ...
Lipids
... 1. Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I, an enzyme on the cytosolic surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane, transfers a fatty acid from CoA to the OH on carnitine. 2.Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase in the inner mitochondrial membrane mediates exchange of carnitine for acylcarnitine. ...
... 1. Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I, an enzyme on the cytosolic surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane, transfers a fatty acid from CoA to the OH on carnitine. 2.Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase in the inner mitochondrial membrane mediates exchange of carnitine for acylcarnitine. ...
Ch 6-9 - WEB . WHRSD . ORG
... Refer to the following five terms to answer the following questions. Choose the most appropriate term for each phrase. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. B. C. D. E. ...
... Refer to the following five terms to answer the following questions. Choose the most appropriate term for each phrase. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. B. C. D. E. ...
Metabolism and Glycolysis
... 4) Regulatory enzymes. (Metabolic conditions that stimulate or inhibit the pathway). 5) Organization of the pathway and the formulas of the compounds involved. (The map of the pathway). 6) Relationship with other pathways. (Shared metabolites, enzymes and regulations). 7) Later, you will have to vis ...
... 4) Regulatory enzymes. (Metabolic conditions that stimulate or inhibit the pathway). 5) Organization of the pathway and the formulas of the compounds involved. (The map of the pathway). 6) Relationship with other pathways. (Shared metabolites, enzymes and regulations). 7) Later, you will have to vis ...
Quiz8ch8.doc
... 8. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate acts as an electron acceptor in a process called ___________________. a. hydrolysis b. fermentation c. oxidative phosphorylation d. glycolysis ...
... 8. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate acts as an electron acceptor in a process called ___________________. a. hydrolysis b. fermentation c. oxidative phosphorylation d. glycolysis ...
several polypeptide chains
... 4. Which compounds would be lipids or derivatives of lipids? (1.) glycogen and cellulose (2.) cholesterol and estrogen (3.) keratin and protease (4.) chlorophyll and hemoglobin (5.) DNA and RNA Base your answers to questions 5 and 6 below on the reading passage that follows and your knowledge or lac ...
... 4. Which compounds would be lipids or derivatives of lipids? (1.) glycogen and cellulose (2.) cholesterol and estrogen (3.) keratin and protease (4.) chlorophyll and hemoglobin (5.) DNA and RNA Base your answers to questions 5 and 6 below on the reading passage that follows and your knowledge or lac ...
Glycolysis
... What do we need to accomplish the oxidation of pyruvate? • NAD+ and FAD+; each can carry 2 e• oxygen; needs 2 e- to fill outer valence shell of electrons ...
... What do we need to accomplish the oxidation of pyruvate? • NAD+ and FAD+; each can carry 2 e• oxygen; needs 2 e- to fill outer valence shell of electrons ...
Chapter 29 Biosynthetic Pathways 308 29.1 Your text states in
... 29.21 If one considers only what is happening to the fatty acid, removal of two hydrogens and two electrons, then it looks like oxidation only. However, the reaction is much more complex and involves a cofactor, NADPH and the substrate, oxygen. Both the fatty acid and NADPH undergo two-electron oxid ...
... 29.21 If one considers only what is happening to the fatty acid, removal of two hydrogens and two electrons, then it looks like oxidation only. However, the reaction is much more complex and involves a cofactor, NADPH and the substrate, oxygen. Both the fatty acid and NADPH undergo two-electron oxid ...
reading - Science with Ms. Wang
... Carbohydrates usually contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1. This means that for each carbon atom a carbohydrate molecule contains, it also contains twice as many hydrogen atoms and the same number of oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates are important because they contain a great dea ...
... Carbohydrates usually contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1. This means that for each carbon atom a carbohydrate molecule contains, it also contains twice as many hydrogen atoms and the same number of oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates are important because they contain a great dea ...
CHAPTER-IV LIPID METABOLISM BETA
... broken down in mitochondria and/or peroxisomes to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle. The beta oxidation of fatty acids involve three stages: 1. Activation of fatty acids in the cytosol 2. Transport of activated fatty acids into mitochondria (carnitine shuttle) 3. Beta ...
... broken down in mitochondria and/or peroxisomes to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle. The beta oxidation of fatty acids involve three stages: 1. Activation of fatty acids in the cytosol 2. Transport of activated fatty acids into mitochondria (carnitine shuttle) 3. Beta ...
Lecture_5_Control_of_glycolysis
... The second part of glycolysis, the metabolism of trioses, is common to both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The four enzymes catalyzing the metabolism of these trioses are present in all species. In contrast, the enzymes of the first part of glycolysis, the metabolism of hexoses, are not nearly a ...
... The second part of glycolysis, the metabolism of trioses, is common to both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The four enzymes catalyzing the metabolism of these trioses are present in all species. In contrast, the enzymes of the first part of glycolysis, the metabolism of hexoses, are not nearly a ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Pyruvic acid is a pivotal metabolite in cellular respiration If oxygen is not available to the cell, fermentation, an anaerobic process occurs Lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide is formed &2ATP ...
... Pyruvic acid is a pivotal metabolite in cellular respiration If oxygen is not available to the cell, fermentation, an anaerobic process occurs Lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide is formed &2ATP ...
2007 Exam 3 1. The goal of the oxidative phase of the pentose
... b. The macromolecular antioxidants are superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase c. ROS are the cause of many diseases processes d. Oxidative stress occurs when the rate at which the ROS are removed by antioxidants exceeds the capacity of the cell to generate ROS. e. ROS include supe ...
... b. The macromolecular antioxidants are superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase c. ROS are the cause of many diseases processes d. Oxidative stress occurs when the rate at which the ROS are removed by antioxidants exceeds the capacity of the cell to generate ROS. e. ROS include supe ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.