Chapter 1 – Title of Chapter
... of one compound is used to create a bond in the formation of another compound. electron transport chain: the final pathway in energy metabolism that transports electrons from hydrogen to oxygen and captures the energy released in the bonds of ATP; also called the respiratory chain. enzymes: proteins ...
... of one compound is used to create a bond in the formation of another compound. electron transport chain: the final pathway in energy metabolism that transports electrons from hydrogen to oxygen and captures the energy released in the bonds of ATP; also called the respiratory chain. enzymes: proteins ...
Macromolecule Jeopardy
... 500- Nucleic acids contain the instructions on how to make which other type of macromolecule? Proteins Grab Bag 100- What elements have to be in a molecule for it to be considered organic? Carbon and hydrogen 200- Is a saturated fat solid or liquid at room temperature? solid 300- What are is the dif ...
... 500- Nucleic acids contain the instructions on how to make which other type of macromolecule? Proteins Grab Bag 100- What elements have to be in a molecule for it to be considered organic? Carbon and hydrogen 200- Is a saturated fat solid or liquid at room temperature? solid 300- What are is the dif ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism Caloric Value of Fats and Carbohydrates
... FA metabolism is under hormonal regulation. When fuel levels are low, Epinephrine and Glucagon stimulate mobilization of fat and glycogen reserves. Insulin, which is secreted during the fed-state, is anti-lipolytic (it inhibits βoxidation). The transport of FA into mitochondria is allosterically reg ...
... FA metabolism is under hormonal regulation. When fuel levels are low, Epinephrine and Glucagon stimulate mobilization of fat and glycogen reserves. Insulin, which is secreted during the fed-state, is anti-lipolytic (it inhibits βoxidation). The transport of FA into mitochondria is allosterically reg ...
WHERE DOES THE ENERGY TO GALLOP COME
... polysaccharides or chains of simple sugars e.g. starch and cellulose); fats (fats, oils, lipids); proteins. By far the most common sources of energy used by the body, especially during exercise, are carbohydrates and fats (protein is only usually used as an energy source in extreme circumstances (e. ...
... polysaccharides or chains of simple sugars e.g. starch and cellulose); fats (fats, oils, lipids); proteins. By far the most common sources of energy used by the body, especially during exercise, are carbohydrates and fats (protein is only usually used as an energy source in extreme circumstances (e. ...
24,7 Loctic Fermentotion
... The NADH that is formed enters the respiratory chain, where AIp is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. The pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA,which enters the citric acid cycle.There the acetyl group of acetyl CoA undergoes complete oxidation to carbon dioxide. Some of the lactic acid formed in ...
... The NADH that is formed enters the respiratory chain, where AIp is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. The pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA,which enters the citric acid cycle.There the acetyl group of acetyl CoA undergoes complete oxidation to carbon dioxide. Some of the lactic acid formed in ...
Document
... Made of two monosaccharides (same or different). Hydrolysed to giving two monosaccharides. ...
... Made of two monosaccharides (same or different). Hydrolysed to giving two monosaccharides. ...
Organic and Inorganic Molecules - Cal State LA
... Acidic amino acids: R group contains a carboxyl (-COOH) group (example: aspartic acid, glutamic acid) Basic amino acids: R group contains an amino group or nitrogen-containing group (example: lysine, histidine) Polar amino acids: R group contains lots of hydroxyl groups (-OH; very soluble in water) ...
... Acidic amino acids: R group contains a carboxyl (-COOH) group (example: aspartic acid, glutamic acid) Basic amino acids: R group contains an amino group or nitrogen-containing group (example: lysine, histidine) Polar amino acids: R group contains lots of hydroxyl groups (-OH; very soluble in water) ...
biochemistry - Bioscience High School
... Proteins are denatured when their 3-D shape changes. An incorrect shape can not bond with other molecules correctly and the enzyme does not function. Denaturalization occurs by ...
... Proteins are denatured when their 3-D shape changes. An incorrect shape can not bond with other molecules correctly and the enzyme does not function. Denaturalization occurs by ...
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 1 2 3 4
... molecules to two molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3). Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or ...
... molecules to two molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3). Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or ...
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... molecules to two molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3). Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or ...
... molecules to two molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3). Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or ...
Sept18 - Staff Web Pages
... Inside cells, fatty acids (FA) are usually connected to a molecule of the tri-hydroxy (tri-alcohol) compound glycerol. Once again water is removed, this time producing an ester bond (acid + alcohol, draw, see top right corner of lipids handout). If all 3 OH 's on the glycerol are substituted with FA ...
... Inside cells, fatty acids (FA) are usually connected to a molecule of the tri-hydroxy (tri-alcohol) compound glycerol. Once again water is removed, this time producing an ester bond (acid + alcohol, draw, see top right corner of lipids handout). If all 3 OH 's on the glycerol are substituted with FA ...
Biochemistry Review Test
... 22. The main difference between the secondary and quarternary structure of a protein is (a.) bond angles between amino acids (b.) sequence of amino acids (c.) number of polypeptides in the molecule (d.) the folding pattern of the molecule 23. The 'primary structure' of a protein refers to (a.) inte ...
... 22. The main difference between the secondary and quarternary structure of a protein is (a.) bond angles between amino acids (b.) sequence of amino acids (c.) number of polypeptides in the molecule (d.) the folding pattern of the molecule 23. The 'primary structure' of a protein refers to (a.) inte ...
Document
... the plants ATP needs are met by their mitochondria. Sugars are exported out of the chloroplasts into the mitochondria. During periods of light, photosynthetic cells convert some sugars made during photosynthesis into starch and fats. (see figure 4.15) Plant fats are triacylglycerols, but contain pre ...
... the plants ATP needs are met by their mitochondria. Sugars are exported out of the chloroplasts into the mitochondria. During periods of light, photosynthetic cells convert some sugars made during photosynthesis into starch and fats. (see figure 4.15) Plant fats are triacylglycerols, but contain pre ...
The Role of the Carnitine System in Human Metabolism
... acyl CoA is transferred into triglyceride in the fed state and enters fatty acid β-oxidation in the fasted state or in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. We originally thought that the initiating event was blockade of triglyceride synthesis. That would allow long-chain fatty acyl CoA to enter the mi ...
... acyl CoA is transferred into triglyceride in the fed state and enters fatty acid β-oxidation in the fasted state or in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. We originally thought that the initiating event was blockade of triglyceride synthesis. That would allow long-chain fatty acyl CoA to enter the mi ...
Chapter 3: Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis
... The CO2 first enters a cell in a corn leaf, where photosynthesis fixes the carbon to make it part of a sugar molecule; this travels from the leaf to an ear of corn, where it is stored as part of a polysaccharide __________________ molecule in the corn seed. You then eat a corn chip made from the cor ...
... The CO2 first enters a cell in a corn leaf, where photosynthesis fixes the carbon to make it part of a sugar molecule; this travels from the leaf to an ear of corn, where it is stored as part of a polysaccharide __________________ molecule in the corn seed. You then eat a corn chip made from the cor ...
Cellular Respiration
... we see how energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy to fuel their bodies. Plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. animals ...
... we see how energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy to fuel their bodies. Plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. animals ...
METABOLIC COMPARTMENTATION
... • Reduced coenzyme (NADH, 2.5 - 3 ATP or FADH2, 1.5 - 2 ATP) • The complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide directly yields 2 ATP, 2 GTP, 10 NADH and 2 FADH. Depending on the assumptions used with respect to electron shuttle and ATP yield this could be the equivalent of 30 to 38 ATP molecules ...
... • Reduced coenzyme (NADH, 2.5 - 3 ATP or FADH2, 1.5 - 2 ATP) • The complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide directly yields 2 ATP, 2 GTP, 10 NADH and 2 FADH. Depending on the assumptions used with respect to electron shuttle and ATP yield this could be the equivalent of 30 to 38 ATP molecules ...
Ch. 5 Molecules of Life – Test Study Guide Carbohydrates, Fats
... forms the Hydroxyl group on the 1st carbon is down. For beta forms the hydroxyl is up. -What are the different forms and functions of a polysaccharide Glycogen- branched chain stored energy for glucose Cellulose- structural support in stems of plants Starch- complex sugar food source found in potato ...
... forms the Hydroxyl group on the 1st carbon is down. For beta forms the hydroxyl is up. -What are the different forms and functions of a polysaccharide Glycogen- branched chain stored energy for glucose Cellulose- structural support in stems of plants Starch- complex sugar food source found in potato ...
Gluconeogenesis
... Nucleotide diphosphate kinases Both glycolysis and Oxidative phosphorylation produce ATP with its high energy phoshoanhydride bonds: How does GTP get made from GDP? Directly from a single step in the Krebs cycle AND from the following reaction GDP + ATP → GTP + ADP This is carried out in the cell b ...
... Nucleotide diphosphate kinases Both glycolysis and Oxidative phosphorylation produce ATP with its high energy phoshoanhydride bonds: How does GTP get made from GDP? Directly from a single step in the Krebs cycle AND from the following reaction GDP + ATP → GTP + ADP This is carried out in the cell b ...
Ch. 5 Molecules of Life – Test Study Guide Carbohydrates, Fats
... forms the Hydroxyl group on the 1st carbon is down. For beta forms the hydroxyl is up. -What are the different forms and functions of a polysaccharide Glycogen- branched chain stored energy for glucose Cellulose- structural support in stems of plants Starch- complex sugar food source found in potato ...
... forms the Hydroxyl group on the 1st carbon is down. For beta forms the hydroxyl is up. -What are the different forms and functions of a polysaccharide Glycogen- branched chain stored energy for glucose Cellulose- structural support in stems of plants Starch- complex sugar food source found in potato ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.