Light - UDChemistry
... Allowed quantum number combinations • Pauli exclusion principle: no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers • Aufbau principle: electrons fill the lowest energy state available first • Lower numbers mean lower energy (n and l) • Various m and s states are degenerate (of equal ...
... Allowed quantum number combinations • Pauli exclusion principle: no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers • Aufbau principle: electrons fill the lowest energy state available first • Lower numbers mean lower energy (n and l) • Various m and s states are degenerate (of equal ...
Elements, basic principles, periodic table
... Ionization and Ionization Energy (aka ionization potential): Ionization energy measures how easy or hard it is to remove an electron from an element or ion. Energies of filled electronic orbitals give rise to common oxidation states for individual elements. Electronic structure determines ionic char ...
... Ionization and Ionization Energy (aka ionization potential): Ionization energy measures how easy or hard it is to remove an electron from an element or ion. Energies of filled electronic orbitals give rise to common oxidation states for individual elements. Electronic structure determines ionic char ...
Models of the Atom
... Electron Waves and Orbits Why does an atomic electron follow certain orbits only? The de Broglie wavelength of the electron is exactly equal to the circumference of its ground state (the innermost orbit with n=1). If we consider the vibrations of a wire loop, we find that their wavelengths always f ...
... Electron Waves and Orbits Why does an atomic electron follow certain orbits only? The de Broglie wavelength of the electron is exactly equal to the circumference of its ground state (the innermost orbit with n=1). If we consider the vibrations of a wire loop, we find that their wavelengths always f ...
Lectures 1-2
... In H2+, the electron doesn’t belong to either atom. In H2+, the electron is in an orbital which spans the molecule – a molecular orbital! Just as atoms have many atomic orbitals (1s, 2s, 2p, etc.), molecules can have many molecular orbitals. In H2+, the higher energy molecular orbitals are all empty ...
... In H2+, the electron doesn’t belong to either atom. In H2+, the electron is in an orbital which spans the molecule – a molecular orbital! Just as atoms have many atomic orbitals (1s, 2s, 2p, etc.), molecules can have many molecular orbitals. In H2+, the higher energy molecular orbitals are all empty ...
Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms
... • The “spin” of an electron describes its magnetic field, which affects its energy. • This led to a fourth quantum number, the spin quantum number, ms. • The spin quantum number has only 2 allowed values: +1/2 and ...
... • The “spin” of an electron describes its magnetic field, which affects its energy. • This led to a fourth quantum number, the spin quantum number, ms. • The spin quantum number has only 2 allowed values: +1/2 and ...
The Modern Atomic Model
... hold a maximum of 2 e-. • s sublevel 1 orbital, 2 e• p sublevel 3 orbitals, 6 e• d sublevel 5 orbitals, 10 e• f sublevel 7 orbitals, 14 e- ...
... hold a maximum of 2 e-. • s sublevel 1 orbital, 2 e• p sublevel 3 orbitals, 6 e• d sublevel 5 orbitals, 10 e• f sublevel 7 orbitals, 14 e- ...
Periodic Trends/Patterns
... nuclear charge. Zeff increases toward nucleus ns > np > nd > nf This explains certain periodic changes observed. ...
... nuclear charge. Zeff increases toward nucleus ns > np > nd > nf This explains certain periodic changes observed. ...
12-3: Lewis Structures
... Bonding only involves valence electrons Lewis structures—represent valence electrons; use dots placed around the chemical symbol All atoms want to achieve a noble gas configuration o Octet Rule—most elements will be surrounded by 8 dots, representing noble gas configuration Hydrogen is full ...
... Bonding only involves valence electrons Lewis structures—represent valence electrons; use dots placed around the chemical symbol All atoms want to achieve a noble gas configuration o Octet Rule—most elements will be surrounded by 8 dots, representing noble gas configuration Hydrogen is full ...
BASIC CHEMISTRY
... The atomic number for O is 8. How many protons in O? How many electrons in O? The atomic mass of O is 16. How many neutrons in O? Draw an Oxygen atom. Show the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in the energy ...
... The atomic number for O is 8. How many protons in O? How many electrons in O? The atomic mass of O is 16. How many neutrons in O? Draw an Oxygen atom. Show the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in the energy ...
CH 115 Fall 2014Worksheet 2 Express the following values in
... particular atom. The term “quantum” comes from the word quantized, which means a discrete unit or packet. So basically electrons are present in discrete units and are only allowed to be present in these specific locations/energy levels. There are four quantum numbers used in general chemistry to des ...
... particular atom. The term “quantum” comes from the word quantized, which means a discrete unit or packet. So basically electrons are present in discrete units and are only allowed to be present in these specific locations/energy levels. There are four quantum numbers used in general chemistry to des ...
CH 4 SEC 2: Book Notes
... ~ In the Bohr atomic model, electrons of increasing energy occupy orbits farther and farther from the nucleus. ~ In order to completely describe orbitals, scientists use quantum numbers. ~ The quantum numbers result from solutions to the Schrödinger equation indicate the main energy level, the shape ...
... ~ In the Bohr atomic model, electrons of increasing energy occupy orbits farther and farther from the nucleus. ~ In order to completely describe orbitals, scientists use quantum numbers. ~ The quantum numbers result from solutions to the Schrödinger equation indicate the main energy level, the shape ...
CHAPTER 4: Structure of the Atom
... The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom Successes and Failures of the Bohr Model Characteristic X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number Atomic Excitation by Electrons In the present first part of the paper the mechanism of the binding of electrons by a positive nucleus is discussed in relation to Planck’s theor ...
... The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom Successes and Failures of the Bohr Model Characteristic X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number Atomic Excitation by Electrons In the present first part of the paper the mechanism of the binding of electrons by a positive nucleus is discussed in relation to Planck’s theor ...
CHAPTER 4: Structure of the Atom
... The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom Successes and Failures of the Bohr Model Characteristic X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number Atomic Excitation by Electrons In the present first part of the paper the mechanism of the binding of electrons by a positive nucleus is discussed in relation to Planck’s theor ...
... The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom Successes and Failures of the Bohr Model Characteristic X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number Atomic Excitation by Electrons In the present first part of the paper the mechanism of the binding of electrons by a positive nucleus is discussed in relation to Planck’s theor ...
Final Exam Review
... Average atomic mass? What is the difference between physical & chemical properties? What is wavelength & frequency? What is a quantum of energy? What are the signs of a chemical change? What do each of the following measure: mass, ...
... Average atomic mass? What is the difference between physical & chemical properties? What is wavelength & frequency? What is a quantum of energy? What are the signs of a chemical change? What do each of the following measure: mass, ...
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
... it excites the atoms Ground state: lowest energy state of an atom Excited state: atom has higher potential energy than it has in ground state ...
... it excites the atoms Ground state: lowest energy state of an atom Excited state: atom has higher potential energy than it has in ground state ...
Electron configuration
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6.Electronic configurations describe electrons as each moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by all other orbitals. Mathematically, configurations are described by Slater determinants or configuration state functions.According to the laws of quantum mechanics, for systems with only one electron, an energy is associated with each electron configuration and, upon certain conditions, electrons are able to move from one configuration to another by the emission or absorption of a quantum of energy, in the form of a photon.Knowledge of the electron configuration of different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of the periodic table of elements. The concept is also useful for describing the chemical bonds that hold atoms together. In bulk materials, this same idea helps explain the peculiar properties of lasers and semiconductors.