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Nervous System A. B. Function: Relay information between the brain and the body Information is electrical and chemical Receptors: specialized structures that pick up information Negative feedback to the body Stimulus-Response: much faster change but a short lasting effect compared to hormones Structures: 1. Neuron: Nerve cell; many neurons bundle together to form a nerve a. Dendrites: Branches off the body of the neuron that receive information from other neurons b. Body: The portion of the neuron that contains the nucleus c. Axon: Tail of the neuron that carries electrical information away from the body towards the next neuron Insulated with myelin d. Terminal Endings: Branches at the end of the neuron that carry information to the next neuron 2. Synapse: The tiny space between two neurons Transmit impulses: o Electrochemical Electrical: within each neuron Chemical: in synapse a. 3. Neurotransmitter: Chemical that is specific Ex. Acetylcholine Central Nervous System a. Brain: 1. Cerebrum: Major portion of the brain Responsible for motor functions, speech, emotions, talking, memory 2. Cerebellum: Responsible for balance and coordination 3. Medulla Oblongata: Brain stem Responsible for involuntary body functions; breathing, heart rate b. 4. C. Spinal Cord: Extension of the brain the relays information to and from the periphery of the body Peripheral Nervous System: Nerves that extend from the spinal cord out to the body Disorders: 1. Spinal Cord Injury: Interruption of information being relayed between the brain and the body If the injury is high enough in the spinal cord and severe enough paralysis can occur 2. Multiple Sclerosis: Degenerative disorder where the myelin sheath (protective covering of the spinal cord) wears away Information between the brain and body is interrupted 3. Cerebral Palsy: Condition most occurring usually at birth due to brain damage that causes poor control of the body and its movements