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Mr. Blacher’s 7th Biology
My Study Guide for: Evolution
I.
Vocabulary:
1.Species
2.Adaptations
3. Evolution
4. Natural Selection
5. Overproduction
6. Competition
7. Variation
II.
8. Selection
9. Continental Drift
10. Theory
11. Law
12. Fossil (Absolute and Relative Dating)
13. Sedimentary
14. Homologous Structures
Charles Darwin:
 Who was this guy and what did he observe in the Galapagos
Islands?
 What did he learn from the finches of the Galapagos?
 How did he explain what he saw?
III. Natural Selection
 What is it?
 What are the four factors that influence this process?
 How does it lead to evolution?
 What happened to the peppered moths during the Industrial
Revolution? How does this illustrate natural selection?
IV. Evolution
 What is the role of genetics in this process?
 How can new species arise (Geographic isolation, AKA-allopatric
speciation)?
 What evidence is there for evolution (DNA, homologous
structures, similarities in embryonic (pre-birth) development)?
 Branching tree diagrams…what do they show?
V.
Fossils and the Fossil Record
 What are petrified fossils, molds, casts, and preserved remains?
 How can we tell how old fossils are (relative and absolute dating
methods)?
 What is half-life and how do we use it to date rocks and fossils?
 What is the key to effective selection of isotopes for radiometric
dating?
 What is the geologic time scale and which period of time is the
longest one within it?
 How old is the Earth?
VI.
How long does Evolution take?
 What is Gradualism?
 What is Punctuated Equilibrium?
Practice Questions:
1. During the Great Migration in the Serengeti, many of the grazing
herbivores don’t survive…many do. Use what you know about natural
selection to explain what is taking place. Can you think of another
situation in the natural world wherein this takes place?
2. How do genetics, natural selection, and evolution all interrelate?
3. There are 10 grams of carbon-14 in a rock at time=zero. How much
time will have passed, and how much carbon-14 will remain in the rock
after three half-lives?
4. You have found a fossil of a trilobite, which is an extinct arthropod
that first appeared in the Cambrian period (this period ended about
488 mya). You may borrow the equipment to measure Carbon14/Nitrogen or the equipment to measure Uranium-235/Lead-207.
Which equipment would you borrow to attempt to date this fossil and
why?