From the "Modern Synthesis" to cybernetics: Ivan Ivanovich
... wrote his two most influential books, The Problems of Darwinism (’46a) and Factors of Evolution (’46b). The first versions of these books were written in artificial isolation and without access to literature and data. The first draft of Factors was completed already early in 1943 (Schmalgausen, ’88, ...
... wrote his two most influential books, The Problems of Darwinism (’46a) and Factors of Evolution (’46b). The first versions of these books were written in artificial isolation and without access to literature and data. The first draft of Factors was completed already early in 1943 (Schmalgausen, ’88, ...
Evolution Unit Practice Test
... ____ 22. Natural selection acting on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies. _________________________ ____ 23. In a population of snakes with a range of body lengths, if the longest individuals have the highest fitness, disruptive selection is likely to occur. ________________ ...
... ____ 22. Natural selection acting on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies. _________________________ ____ 23. In a population of snakes with a range of body lengths, if the longest individuals have the highest fitness, disruptive selection is likely to occur. ________________ ...
Ecological Speciation
... but no obvious reproductive barriers could be very informative about the factors that constrain progress toward ecological speciation. The second paper on three-spine stickleback, by D. I. Bolnick, considers the opposite conundrum: reproductive barriers are seemingly present but gene flow is not limi ...
... but no obvious reproductive barriers could be very informative about the factors that constrain progress toward ecological speciation. The second paper on three-spine stickleback, by D. I. Bolnick, considers the opposite conundrum: reproductive barriers are seemingly present but gene flow is not limi ...
Evolution Review
... which they are derived? a. greater variability b. greater extinction rates c. fewer heterozygous loci d. large chance fluctuations in allele frequencies e. less genetic drift ____ 63. What accounts for the fact that polydactylism is prevalent and Tay-Sachs disease virtually absent in one human popul ...
... which they are derived? a. greater variability b. greater extinction rates c. fewer heterozygous loci d. large chance fluctuations in allele frequencies e. less genetic drift ____ 63. What accounts for the fact that polydactylism is prevalent and Tay-Sachs disease virtually absent in one human popul ...
The nature of developmental constraints and the difference
... constraints’’ (Schlosser 2007). Stability constraints determine that logically possible systems will not develop because they are physically unstable for some reason. Many structures are logically possible, but physically unstable, because they cannot support their own weight, etc. Physical stabilit ...
... constraints’’ (Schlosser 2007). Stability constraints determine that logically possible systems will not develop because they are physically unstable for some reason. Many structures are logically possible, but physically unstable, because they cannot support their own weight, etc. Physical stabilit ...
Adaptive landscapes - BOA Bicocca Open Archive
... intended as articulation between ways of looking, each typical of some disciplinary fields (and not others); and that pluralism is not easy “anything goes”, demanding rigor and imagination, exercise and flexibility. Eldredge’s ideas on the Modern Synthesis, an “unfinished synthesis” (1985), were ano ...
... intended as articulation between ways of looking, each typical of some disciplinary fields (and not others); and that pluralism is not easy “anything goes”, demanding rigor and imagination, exercise and flexibility. Eldredge’s ideas on the Modern Synthesis, an “unfinished synthesis” (1985), were ano ...
Stoichiometric Constraints on Resource Use
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
speciation on the coasts of the new world: phylogeography
... sudden expansions in effective population size may explain the predominance of a few mitochondrial haplotypes common to the two species. Despite the high divergence of bindin (relative to differentiation of mtDNA) between L. variegatus and L. williamsi, comparison of amino acid replacement to silent ...
... sudden expansions in effective population size may explain the predominance of a few mitochondrial haplotypes common to the two species. Despite the high divergence of bindin (relative to differentiation of mtDNA) between L. variegatus and L. williamsi, comparison of amino acid replacement to silent ...
From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution
... Nonetheless, the overall argument of this book still applies. On the one hand, since the time of my earlier work some of its claims – such as the advocacy of multilevel selectionism and the role of evolutionary constraints – have become hotly disputed topics in biology and the philosophy of biology. ...
... Nonetheless, the overall argument of this book still applies. On the one hand, since the time of my earlier work some of its claims – such as the advocacy of multilevel selectionism and the role of evolutionary constraints – have become hotly disputed topics in biology and the philosophy of biology. ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance
... milieu of the period. This view is particularly fascinating to those who come to the history of science from the field of general history. They might ask such questions as why was British science from 1700 to 1850 so strongly experimental and mechanical while contemporary French science tended to be ...
... milieu of the period. This view is particularly fascinating to those who come to the history of science from the field of general history. They might ask such questions as why was British science from 1700 to 1850 so strongly experimental and mechanical while contemporary French science tended to be ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Evolution
... category of formal causes separate from the efficient causes. The idea that organisms are perfectly adapted to their environments predates evolutionary theory. This idea was central to natural theology in which the perfect fit of organism and environment was considered evidence of di ...
... category of formal causes separate from the efficient causes. The idea that organisms are perfectly adapted to their environments predates evolutionary theory. This idea was central to natural theology in which the perfect fit of organism and environment was considered evidence of di ...
Do Eco-Evo Feedbacks Help Us Understand Nature? Answers From
... individuals through a generation to enable us to estimate individual reproductive success, the distribution of fitness, the selection gradients on key traits. Second, we must be able to construct pedigrees for individuals and use those pedigrees to estimate the genetic parameters governing the respo ...
... individuals through a generation to enable us to estimate individual reproductive success, the distribution of fitness, the selection gradients on key traits. Second, we must be able to construct pedigrees for individuals and use those pedigrees to estimate the genetic parameters governing the respo ...
allopatry in Batesian mimicry complexes Mimics without models
... (where they are at risk of encountering coral snakes) to allopatry (Grobman 1978). In the fifth route described above, expansion of the predator’s geographical range maintains mimics in allopatry. In §3b,c, we describe how changes in the model’s or mimic’s geographical range could maintain mimics in ...
... (where they are at risk of encountering coral snakes) to allopatry (Grobman 1978). In the fifth route described above, expansion of the predator’s geographical range maintains mimics in allopatry. In §3b,c, we describe how changes in the model’s or mimic’s geographical range could maintain mimics in ...
JANUARY 10-14, 2016 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE CENTER
... made significant contributions to the knowledge of a particular ecosystem or group of organisms, and whose research and writing illuminate principles of evolutionary biology and an enhanced aesthetic appreciation of natural history. Professor Zuk embodies the meaning and intent of this award through ...
... made significant contributions to the knowledge of a particular ecosystem or group of organisms, and whose research and writing illuminate principles of evolutionary biology and an enhanced aesthetic appreciation of natural history. Professor Zuk embodies the meaning and intent of this award through ...
TURING MACHINES AND EVOLUTION. A CRITIQUE OF GREGORY
... with a triumphant cry: I have found an evolving life-form in the Pythagorean world of pure mathematics! (Chaitin 2012, 19) This is the efffect of the specific approach in which the ability to evolve by means of natural selection is regarded as the sufficient condition for “being a living object”. Any gi ...
... with a triumphant cry: I have found an evolving life-form in the Pythagorean world of pure mathematics! (Chaitin 2012, 19) This is the efffect of the specific approach in which the ability to evolve by means of natural selection is regarded as the sufficient condition for “being a living object”. Any gi ...
Fitness - IIASA PURE
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century
... space, the axes of which are abiotic and biotic factors that influence birth and death rates. If a habitat has conditions within a species’ niche, a population should persist without immigration from external sources, whereas if conditions are outside the niche, it faces extinction. Analyses of spec ...
... space, the axes of which are abiotic and biotic factors that influence birth and death rates. If a habitat has conditions within a species’ niche, a population should persist without immigration from external sources, whereas if conditions are outside the niche, it faces extinction. Analyses of spec ...
Understanding Mutualism When There is Adaptation to the Partner
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
Experimental evaluation of evolution and coevolution
... (Post et al. 2008). This bidirectionality suggests that ...
... (Post et al. 2008). This bidirectionality suggests that ...
An Introduction to Biological Aging Theory
... life has occurred and the vast majority of biological observations match Darwin’s concept. Introductory biology courses currently teach that Darwin’s natural selection theory is scientifically generally accepted as the complete and comprehensive explanation for the evolution process. In connection w ...
... life has occurred and the vast majority of biological observations match Darwin’s concept. Introductory biology courses currently teach that Darwin’s natural selection theory is scientifically generally accepted as the complete and comprehensive explanation for the evolution process. In connection w ...
- Wiley Online Library
... begins with two distinct “island” populations that have accumulated some low level of premating isolation and some level of intrinsic postzygotic isolation in allopatry and may also experience divergent natural selection between the two inhabiting environments. In each population, individuals are in ...
... begins with two distinct “island” populations that have accumulated some low level of premating isolation and some level of intrinsic postzygotic isolation in allopatry and may also experience divergent natural selection between the two inhabiting environments. In each population, individuals are in ...
Life-history evolution in the anthropocene: effects of
... these areas, we review some of the relevant literature before discussing the implications for understanding lifehistory traits and evolution in the face of rapid and human-induced changes in nutrient availability. Overall, we argue that anthropogenic changes in nutrient availability present unique a ...
... these areas, we review some of the relevant literature before discussing the implications for understanding lifehistory traits and evolution in the face of rapid and human-induced changes in nutrient availability. Overall, we argue that anthropogenic changes in nutrient availability present unique a ...
Chapter 15: Evolution
... branches. This acquired trait was then passed down to the offspring SACCONE IS THE COOLEST ...
... branches. This acquired trait was then passed down to the offspring SACCONE IS THE COOLEST ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.