Download Natural Selection Study Guide Advanced

Natural Selection Study Guide Advanced
1.
What is a fossil?
Remains of once living plants and
animals
2.
Does every organism become a fossil?
No
3.
What must an organism have or need to
happen to it in order to become a fossil?
(besides dying)
 Covered quickly
 Extreme pressure
 contain bone
 Rots/not covered quickly
4.
What prevents some organisms from
becoming fossils? Give 3 examples.
5.
What part(s) of an organism normally
becomes a fossil?
6.
What part(s) of an organism normally does
not become a fossil?
 Made mostly of soft tissue
 Man or nature digs up (eaten)
Bone
Tissues

7.
Give 3 reasons why scientists study fossils.

Where plants and animals live
How plants and animals have
changed over time
 How they used to live
8.
Describe relative dating
9.
Describe absolute dating
10.
Why do we need to use both relative and
absolute dating?
11.
When is absolute dating used?
Scientists look at which rock layer an organism
is in to determine APPROXIMATE age
Scientists use the radioactive half-life
of elements to determine a precise age
They both allow us to construct a more
complete picture of earths past. Relative
dating is used for fossils that are too old for
dating and absolute dating is more
absolute
Samples
that are <70,000yrs
precise and used when the rock layers are
destroyed
Samples that still have radioactive
material available
12.
When is relative dating used?
13.
List the layers in
order from
youngest to
oldest


G
H
14.
Record what X and Y represents.
Grams of C-14
60
30
X
7.5
3.75
# of years
0
5730
11,460
Y
22,920
# of half-lives
0
1
2
3
4
15.
Define Evolution.
16.
What type of structure is shown? What are
two main characteristics of these structures?
17.
What type of structure is shown? What are
two main characteristics of these structures?
18.
If you are looking at two animals, how do you
know whether they are homologous or
analogous?
19.
How are homologous and analogous
structures evidence of evolution?
Samples older than 70,000 yrs
Samples that have been damaged and do not
have radioactive material left
E
G
I
F
C
A
D
X =15
Y = 17,190
Change over time
 analogous
 All used to fly
 They have different bone
structures
 homologous
 All are used for different
functions: holding, swimming,
moving, flying
 All have same skeletal structure
Same structure- homologous
Same function but dif. structureanalogous
They show how species change over
time to fit their environment
20.
How are the following sets of embryos
similar?
 Gill slits visible on all 4 at first
stage
 First stage all curled up
 All eyes are located in similar
location
21.
How are the embryos different?
22.
How does the study of fossils help support
evolutionary theory?
23.
How does biogeography impact species
adaptation?
24.
Given the following picture, explain how both
Lamarck and Darwin would explain why the
giraffe changed over time?
Some lose gill slits
Some develop fins and others legs
The fossils show a picture of the particular
species and how their characteristics
change over time.
The location of the species changes their
environment which makes different
characteristics needed for survival.
Lamarck: The giraffe stretches its neck
over its lifetime to reach the high
branches. It then passes that new
characteristic on to its offspring.
Darwin: The giraffes that are born with
the longer next have more food available
to it since it can reach higher up in the
trees. That giraffe has a higher chance of
surviving and passing on the traits.
25.
26.
Define Natural Selection.
Why did the birds of the Galapagos Islands
have different beaks?
Organisms that are best suited to an
environment survive and reproduce at a
higher rate.
Different islands have different foods
available. The food available determines
the type of beak needed.
The peppered moth showed that if an
environment changes, one
characteristics/adaptation may be more suited
27. How was the peppered moth activity evidence for the environment than another. That
of Natural Selection?
adaption will cause that particular characteristic
to survive and be passed on to future
generations.
28.
How does environment impact species
fitness?
29.
Brown and black mice live in a dry desert
environment.
 Which color will have the highest
population?
 Which is the fittest? WHY?
30.
A volcano erupts in the same desert area
covering it with dark black rocks.
 Which color will have the highest
population?
 Which is the fittest? WHY?
31.
How has evolution impacted the number of
species on the planet? EXPLAIN.
If the environment changes because of
nature(natural disaster) or
man(pollution), the species must adapt or
die. Pollution caused the amount white
peppered moths to be less and increased
the amount of black ones.
 brown
 Brown because it can easily blend
in with the sand.
 black
 Black because it can now
camouflage itself with the rocks.
Evolution has increased the
number of species in particular
because of natural selection. We
can start with only one species
but changes to the environment
over time can cause some of their
characteristics to adapt and split
into multiple species.