Download Essentials of Anatony and Physiology, 5e (Martini

Chapter 8: The Nervous System Study Guide
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What are the functions of the afferent and efferent divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord comprise which branch of the nervous system?
Neurons responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating motor activity are called…
Neurons that monitor the internal and external environment and relay information to the brain and spinal cord are…
The division of the peripheral nervous system that sends motor commands to smooth and cardiac muscle, adipose tissue,
and glands is the…
What are the functions of the dendrites, axon, and synaptic terminals of a neuron?
Small phagocytic cells that migrate through neural tissue and engulf cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens are…
The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are called …
Neuroglia surrounding neuron cell bodies in the PNS that regulate the tissue environment are called …
Which neuroglia form myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS? in the PNS?
Neuroglia in the PNS that provide support and regulate the tissue environment are called…
Neuroglia that secret cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are called…
Clusters of neuron cell bodies form…
Bundles of axons form…
The membrane potential of a neuron is dependent on which contributing factors?
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
Tetrodotoxin prevents sodium channels from opening. What effect would this have on the function of neurons?
The all-or-none principle states that…
How do depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization affect membrane potential?
What is the refractory period?
What does the sodium-potassium pump do (which ions are pumped in/out?)?
Depolarization during an action potential is caused by the …
What is the difference between saltatory and continuous action potential propagation? How does myelin affect the speed
of an action potential down a neuron?
Know the sequence of events at a typical cholinergic synapse.
Which neurotransmitter is released at an adrenergic synapse? Is it excitatory or inhibitory?
What effect do dopamine and serotonin usually have on their target cells?
The specialized membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord are called the
Where is CSF located in the nervous system (there are 3 locations)?
The white matter of the spinal cord contains…
Areas of gray matter in the peripheral nervous system are called
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the __________, a network of capillaries within the brain.
Which type of neuron is found in the dorsal root? ventral root? Are signals being sent to or from the spinal cord?
Know the functions of all the regions of the brain provided in your outline.
What does hemispheric lateralization mean in reference to the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
Which brain structures contain a neural cortex?
What is a reflex?
Know the correct order of the parts involved in a reflex arc.
The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity and stress (fight or flight) is the…
The division of the ANS that promotes energy conservation and visceral activity (rest and digest) is the…
Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system include…
In organs with dual innervation, what relationship do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have?
Essay
Explain how damage to or reduction in activity of the substantia nigra of the midbrain results in Parkinson’s disease. What is
the normal functional relationship of the substantia nigra with the basal nuclei? What are the characteristic symptoms of
Parkinson’s disease? Why do they develop? (p.277)