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Gerunds A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing. However, it is used as a noun. (*Remember, a participle can also end in –ing, but it is used as an adjective) Ex. Running is good exercise. Swimming can be fun too. A gerund phrase is a phrase that begins with a gerund, but it has other complements that complete the noun. Ex. Running in the heat dehydrates you faster. Swimming in the river without a wet suit is a bad idea. Like other nouns, gerunds can be used as subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, and objects of prepositions. Subject: The noun in the sentence that performs the action. In the examples above, the gerunds act as subjects. Predicate nominative: Renames the subject. (i.e. My mother is a doctor. The word “doctor” is a p.n. because it renames my mother) Hint: predicate nominatives are often found with the verbs: is, am, are, was, and were. Ex. My favorite sport is running. My next favorite sport is running with bulls. Direct Object: Receives the action of the subject. It answers the questions: who? or what? (i.e. I gave the gift to him. [I gave what to him?] {the gift} “gift” is the direct object) Ex. My mother enjoys knitting. My mother enjoys knitting for her grandson. Object of a preposition: A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and a noun phrase, or the “object” of a preposition. (i.e. I ran after her. [“after” is the preposition, “her” is the object of the preposition]) Ex. My dog sleeps before eating. My dog begs for food after barking loudly at the neighbors.