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GERUNDS
A G E RU N D I S A V E R B
FO R M E N D I N G I N - I N G
T H AT I S U S E D A S A N O U N .
GERUNDS END IN -ING
All gerunds will end in –ing
Not all words ending in –ing are gerunds
They could be verbs
They could be participles
It is how the word is used that will
determine whether it is a gerund or not.
GERUNDS ARE USED AS NOUNS
Nouns can have 5 different functions within a sentence.
 Subject: tells who or what the sentence is about.
 Predicate Nominative: is in the predicate AND that identifies
the subject or refers to it. It completes the meaning of the
linking verb.
 Indirect Object: tells to whom or to what or for what the
action of the verb is done.
 Direct Object: answers the questions “Whom? “Or “What?”
After a transitive verb.
 Object of the Preposition: noun or pronoun that the
preposition is relating to.
Gerunds are used as nouns. Therefore, GERUNDS CAN
HAVE 5 DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS within a sentence.
5 FUNCTIONS OF A GERUND
Skiing down that slope was fun. (Subject)
Dad’s favorite pastime is fishing for trout and
bass. (Predicate Nominative)
Give sailing a try. (Indirect Object)
We enjoyed hiking in the mountains. (Direct
Object)
Please sweep the front sidewalk after
mowing. (Object of the Preposition)
JUST LIKE GERUNDS, GERUND PHRASES ARE USED
AS NOUNS
Nouns can have 5 different functions within a sentence.
 Subject: tells who or what the sentence is about.
 Predicate Nominative: is in the predicate AND that identifies
the subject or refers to it. It completes the meaning of the
linking verb.
 Indirect Object: tells to whom or to what or for what the
action of the verb is done.
 Direct Object: answers the questions “Whom? “Or “What?”
After a transitive verb.
 Object of the Preposition: noun or pronoun that the
preposition is relating to.
Since gerund phrases are used as nouns, they can
function as any of those 5 sentence parts.
USE ANY OF THE GERUND PHRASES IN SENTENCES OF YOUR OWN.
IDENTIFY EACH GERUND PHRASE USED AS EITHER A SUBJECT, A
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE, A DIRECT OBJECT, OR AN OBJECT OF
PREPOSITION.
*getting up in the morning
*jumping in the cold water
*arguing among themselves
*repairing the tires on my bicycle
*sharpening my pencil