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Gerunds
I.
Form
a. A Gerund is a noun made from a verb.
i. You form it by adding –ing to the base verb.
ii. You form the negative by adding –not before the gerund.
II.
Function
a. Since a gerund is a noun, it can function in the same way. For example,
they can be:
i. Subjects:
Smoking is not healthy
ii. Objects:
I hate speaking in front of large audiences.
iii. Negative sentences
1. I can’t stand not hearing your voice.
2. Not calling you back was the stupidest thing I’ve ever
done.
b. Examples with subjects
i. Driving drunk causes accidents.
ii. Listening to a lot of English will definitely help your grammar.
iii. Lending money to him wouldn’t be smart.
iv. Running 3 times a week improves your oxygen levels.
c. They can be proceeded by possessive’s
i. Your drinking is killing you.
ii. Mike’s guitar playing is excellent.
iii. Taina’s writing needs a little work.
iv. The kid’s screaming is driving me crazy!
d. They can be preceded by quantifiers
i. Too much sleeping isn’t good for you. Not getting enough sleep
isn’t good for you either.
ii. There was a lot of screaming going on in that apartment.
iii. Some dreaming occurs right when you fall asleep.
iv. No talking allowed.
e. They can be preceded by adjectives
i. Her terrible singing caused the show to fail.
ii. That is some beautiful guitar playing.
iii. The most horrible night drinking I ever had.
iv. There’s some excellent teaching at the school…especially Dave’s
teaching
; >)
III.
Examples of the verb changed into a gerund
a. Smoke
Smoking kills
His smoking killed him
His incessant smoking killed him
Too much of his smoking was caused by…
b. Criticize
Criticizing in some way is helpful.
Constant criticizing is not helpful
His constant criticizing is not helpful
None of his constant criticizing is helpful.
c. Live
Living here is expensive.
Extravagant living will take money from your bank account.
Andre’s extravagant living is taking money from his bank account.
Some of his extravagant living was caused by…
d. Help
Helping those less fortunate than you shows character
Continuous helping, however, makes people depend on something.
His continuous helping of those less fortunate was laudable. (worthy of
praise)
All of his continuous helping really made a difference.
IV.
Verbs + Gerund (as object)
Admit
anticipate
appreciate
avoid
can’t stand
complete
Consider
delay
deny
discuss
dislike
enjoy
Finish
can’t help
keep
mention
mind
miss
Postpone
practice
quit
recall
recollect
recommend
Resent
resist
risk
suggest
tolerate
understand
To be worth
V.
Go + Gerund
a. Use go with a gerund when you talk about activities
i. Shopping
ii. Kayaking
iii. Skiing
iv. Dancing
v. Sailing
vi. bowling
vii. Camping
viii. Canoeing
ix. Fishing
x. Hiking
xi. Hunting
xii. Jogging
xiii. Mountain climbing
xiv. Bungee jumping
xv. Jogging
xvi. Running
xvii. Sightseeing
xviii. Skating
xix. Skinny-dipping
xx. Sleigh riding
xxi. Snorkeling
xxii. Swimming
xxiii. Window shopping
VI.
Special phrases followed by –ING
a. Have difficulty
b. Have a hard time
c. Have a good time
d. Have fun
e. Find
f. Spend time
g. Waste time
h. Was (to be) caught
VII.
Gerunds as objects of prepositions
a. Gerunds usually follow prepositions
b. Verb + preposition
i. Can I count on you being there?
Accused of
Believe in
Complain about
Instead of
Stop from
Think of/about
accustomed to
blame for
dream about/of
look forward to
succeed in
in addition to
capable of
forgive for
opposed to
take advantage of
apologize for
committed to
guilty of
prevent from
thank for
fascinated with
fed up with
fond of
furious with
glad about
good with
guilty of
happy about
ready for
responsible for
sad about
safe from
satisfied with
shocked at
sick of
slow at
sorry for/about
surprised at
c. Adjective + preposition
Accustomed to
Afraid/scared of
Amazed at
Angry at
Ashamed of
Astonished by
Aware of
Awful/bad/poor at
Bored with
in/capable of
careful of
concerned about
content with
curious about
different from
excellent/good at
excited about
famous for