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Bioelectronics Group Principal Investigator: Polina Anikeeva Post Doctoral Students: Xiaoting Jia Graduate Students: Ritchie Chen, Andres Canales, Michael Christiansen, Alice Lu In the Bioelectronics Group, we envision integration of biology and electronics with devices that incorporate biologically inspired components and technologies that seamlessly interface biological and electronic systems. We are currently focused on developing methods to manipulate nerve cells. The available toolkit for neural stimulation in neurological therapy and research is hindered by poor spatial resolution and is often highly invasive. By exploring novel methods of neural stimulation, we hope to realize improvement in targeted and noninvasive stimulation. Current group members Minimally Invasive Neural Stimulation Multi-scale Bioengineering and Biophysics Deep brain electrode stimulation, a cumbersome treatment for Parkinson’s disease Flexible High Resolution Neural Recording Arrays We are developing minimally inavsive procedures for deep brain stimulation by coupling radiofrequency electromagnetic waves with nanoantennae interfaced with the neuronal cell membrane. Because of its weak interaction with biological molecules and deep tissue penetration, magnetic fields promise to be a truely remote way to control cellular signaling in vivo. Thousands of electrodes in a single fiber provide 1 neuron/electrode resolution. 32-electrode rectangular fiber-array 4-electrode retangular fiber cross-section 100 µm 25 meters of 32-electrode rectangular fiber 30 µm 15 cm 36-electrode fiber array 1-electrode cylindrical fiber preform Thermal drawing process produces infinitely long electrode arrays. Schematic for activation of heat sensitive calcium ion channels through conversion of EM field into localized heat 50 µm 5.7 µm 20 cm Electrode tip shape and surface functionalization produce intimate neuron-electrode interfase. Optoelectronic Neural Scaffolds 50 nm 50 nm MnFe2O4 CoFe2O4 50 nm CoFe2O4@MnFe2O4 CPC General route for synthesis of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles that is biocompatible and can attach directly onto the plasma membrane Fibers provide a scaffold for neuron growth, and simultaneous optical stimulation and electrical measurements when combined with optogenetics. - Neurons are PEI cultured inside polymer fibers. - Long processes 100 µm are developed along the fiber 60 um inner wall. - Neurons inside fibers are transfected to become fluorescent. - Neurons are in contact with electrodes on the inner wall. soma 200 200 100 100 0 0 -100 -100 current [pA] RF to heat conversion is measured as specific loss power and depends strongly on size and magnetic anisotropy of the material. We can tune the magnetic properties of our nanoparticles and stiumlate these nanoantennae with our custom magnetic heating and imaging set up. A genetic toolkit is developed concurrently to enable communication of the electronics with the cells. current [pA] 60 um -200 -300 -200 -300 -400 -400 -500 -500 -600 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 time [s] 0.4 0.5 - A series of action -600 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 time [ms] 0.6 0.8 1.0 potentials are measured from neurons inside the fibers with electrodes.