Download Social Studies Chapter 6 Review

SOCIAL STUDIES
CHAPTER 6 REVIEW
WHAT ADVANTAGES DID THE NORTH
HAVE IN THE WAR?
• More people, more factories to
make weapons & supplies,
more railroad lines
WHAT ADVANTAGES DID THE SOUTH
HAVE IN THE WAR?
• Most of the fighting took place in
the South and they fought hard
since they were defending their
land. The South had excellent
military leaders
WHAT WAS THE NORTH’S BATTLE
PLAN?
• Union Navy blocked southern seaports,
so they could not get supplies. They
also worked to get control of the
Mississippi River. The Union army fought
in the East and West at the same time.
WHAT WAS THE SOUTH’S BATTLE
PLAN?
• To defend their land and fight off
Union attacks. They hoped the
North would give up the fight if
they lost too many battles.
WHO WAS THE COMMANDING
GENERAL IN THE NORTH?
•Ulysses S. Grant
WHO WAS THE COMMANDING
GENERAL IN THE SOUTH?
•Robert E. Lee
WHAT WERE THE EFFECT OF THE WAR
ON THE NORTH?
• Since most battles took place
in the South, northern lands
were not affected much.
WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE WAR
ON THE SOUTH?
• Many areas in the South were
destroyed during the War. Food
was hard to find and very
expensive. Life was hard in the
South.
WHAT DID BOTH THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH
HAVE IN COMMON DURING THE CIVIL WAR?
• Both started a draft to get more
soldiers when the war did not end
quickly
• While some women became nurses or
spies in the war, most took over the
jobs the men had to leave behind
WHAT WERE THE BORDER STATES?
• Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware &
Maryland. West Virginia also
became a border state when
it separated from Virginia after
disagreements
WHY WERE THEY CALLED BORDER
STATES?
• Slavery was allowed in these states,
although they remained part of the
Union and continued to be U.S.
citizens.
• Some people in these states fought for
the Union army, some fought for the
Confederate Army.
WHO WERE THE MAIN LEADERS IN THE
NORTH?
• Abraham Lincoln
President of the United States during the Civil War.
• Ulysses S. Grant:
Grant went to West Point Military Academy. After
showing his leadership skills at the Battle of Vicksburg,
Grant was made commander of the Union (northern)
troops
• William Tecumseh Sherman:
Union General whose March to the Sea destroyed
Confederate supplies.
• Andrew Johnson:
President of the U.S. after the war when Lincoln was
assassinated.
WHO WERE THE MAIN LEADERS IN THE
SOUTH?
• Jefferson Davis:
President of the Confederacy (South) during the Civil War.
• Robert E. Lee:
Lee also went to the West Point Military Academy. Lincoln
asked him to lead the Union troops, but when Virginia
seceded, he did not want to fight against his state.
• Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson:
Confederate general, won many battles until
accidentally shot. Got his nickname because he stood his
ground like a “stone wall” in the First Battle of Bull Run.
VOCABULARY
• Draft
-the government selection of people to serve in the
military
• Assassination
-the murder of an important leader
• Impeach
-to charge a government official of a crime
• Segregation
- the forced separation of the races
• Primary Source
-firsthand information about an event, a place, or a time
period
• Secondary Source
-information from someone who did not witness an event.
Secondary information often comes from primary sources.
WHAT BATTLES AND EVENTS
AFFECTED THE OUTCOME OF THE CIVIL
WAR?
• Fort Sumter
-The Civil War started when Confederate troops attacked
Fort Sumter
• First Battle of Bull Run
-First battle of the Civil War. Both sides thought they’d win
the battle and the war quickly. The Confederate army
won this battle, but it was worse than both sides expected.
• Emancipation Proclamation
-Presidential order signed January 1, 1863, by Abraham
Lincoln, that freed enslaved people in the Confederate
states. It did not free slaves in the border states. The
Emancipation Proclamation made the war about ending
slavery in the South and took away the chance that Great
Britain and France might help the South, since they were
against slavery.
BATTLES AND EVENTS CONTINUED
• Vicksburg
-Union Army won this battle and control of the Mississippi River,
which cut off Texas and Arkansas from the other Confederate
States.
• Gettysburg
-Union won this battle in the East (Pennsylvania) at the same
time Grant was winning the Battle of Vicksburg in the West.
After three days of fighting, the Confederate Army was forced
to retreat from their attack. The Union victories at Gettysburg
and Vicksburg were a turning point in the war.
• Atlanta Campaign and Sherman’s March to the Sea
-In 1864, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman led his army
through Georgia. He burned down most of Atlanta and from
there headed to Savannah on the Atlantic coast in what is
known as “the March to the Sea.” The goal of this march was to
burn anything and everything that could help the South win the
war.
BATTLES AND EVENTS CONTINUED
• Appomattox Courthouse
- In April of 1865, Grant’s army, which was well-fed, and
armed with supplies met up with Lee’s starving soldiers
who had few supplies. Lee and his army were surrounded
and Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia,
ending the War.
• President Lincoln Assassinated
-Just five days after the Civil War ended, President Lincoln
was assassinated while watching a play at Ford’s Theater
in Washington D.C. Many people, even Southerners were
saddened by Lincoln’s death, since he promised to bring
the country together being fair to all.
WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE IN THE SOUTH
AFTER THE WAR?
• Since most of the battles took place
there, the South was devastated by
the War. Many homes, farms, and
businesses were ruined and had to be
rebuilt. While former slaves were now
free, they had no homes or jobs.
WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE IN THE NORTH
AFTER THE WAR?
• There was very little damage to cities
in the North. Northern businesses and
railroads grew quickly during and after
the war.
WHAT WAS RECONSTRUCTION?
• The period following the Civil War
during which the South rejoined the
Union. Before they could rejoin, they
had to ratify (approve) the 13th, 14th,
and 15th amendments.
WHAT DID CONGRESS DO DURING
RECONSTRUCTION?
•
After Southerners passed Black Codes
that limited the rights of former slaves
to travel, vote, and hold certain jobs
and voted for former Confederate
leaders, Congress put the South under
military control. Congress impeached
President Andrew Johnson, but were
not able to force him out of office.
HOW WERE FORMER SLAVES HELPED
DURING RECONSTRUCTION?
• Freedmen’s Bureau
-Provided food, clothing, medical care,
schools and found jobs for many former
slaves.
• George Washington Carver
-Scientist and teacher at African-American
Tuskegee Institute. Discovered over 300
products that could be made with peanuts.
WHAT WERE THE 13TH, 14TH, AND 15TH
AMENDMENTS?
• 13th Amendment
-Ended slavery in the entire United States
• 14th Amendment
-Gave citizenship to all people born in U.S.,
including former slaves and said all citizens
must be treated equally under the law
• 15th Amendment
-Gave all men the right to vote, including
African American men.
WHAT DIFFICULTIES DID FREED SLAVES
FACE IN THE SOUTH?
• Sharecropping
-A system in which landowners let poor farmers use small areas
of their land, and in return, the farmers gave the landowner a
share of the crop. The poor farmers, often former slaves, often
went in debt borrowing to buy seeds and tools. If they could
not sell enough crops, the debt would get worse.
• Ku Klux Klan
-Used violence to stop African Americans from voting
• Jim Crow Laws
-Laws that kept African-Americans separate from other
Americans. Schools, hospitals and even cemeteries were
segregated. Less money was spent on schools and hospitals for
African Americans.