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Social Studies: Civil War and Reconstruction
EQ: What were the differences between the North and South during the Civil War?
Questions
What
advantages
did they have
in the War?
What was
their battle
plan?
Who was their
commanding
general?
What were
the effects of
the war on
the region?
North – Union
South - Confederacy
More people, more
factories to make weapons
& supplies, more railroad
lines
Most of the fighting took
place in the South and
they fought hard since
they were defending their
land. The South had
excellent military leaders
Union Navy blocked
southern seaports, so they
could not get supplies and
worked to get control of the
Mississippi River. The Union
army fought in the East and
West at the same time.
Defend land and fight off
Union attacks, hoping North
would give up the fight if they
lost too many battles.
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
Since most battles took place
in the South, northern lands
were not affected much.
Many areas in the South were
destroyed during the War.
Food was hard to find and
very expensive. Life was
hard in the South.
What did both the North and the South have in common during the Civil War?

Both started a draft to get more soldiers when the war did not end quickly

While some women became nurses or spies in the war, most took over the
jobs the men had to leave behind

The Border States in the Civil War
*Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, & Maryland. West
Virginia became a border state when it separated from
Virginia after disagreements.
*Slavery was allowed in these states. They remained part
of the Union and continued to be US citizens.
* Some fought for the Union, some fought for the
Confederate.
Civil War – People and Vocabulary
EQ: Who were the main leaders on both sides during the Civil War?
Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States during the Civil War.
Andrew Johnson: President of the U.S. after the war when Lincoln was
assassinated.
Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy (South) during the Civil
War.
Ulysses S. Grant: Grant went to West Point Military Academy. After showing his
leadership skills at the Battle of Vicksburg, Grant was made commander of the
Union (northern) troops.
Robert E. Lee: Lee also went to the West Point Military Academy. Lincoln asked
him to lead the Union troops, but when Virginia seceded, he did not want to fight
against his state.
William Tecumseh Sherman: Union General whose March to the Sea destroyed
Confederate supplies.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson: Confederate general, won many battles
until accidentally shot. Got his nickname because he stood his ground
like a “stone wall” in the First Battle of Bull Run.
Vocabulary
Draft: government selection of people to serve in the
military
Assassination: the murder of an important leader
Impeach: to charge a government official of a crime
Segregation - the forced separation of the races
Primary Source: firsthand information about an event, a
place, or a time period
Secondary Source: information from someone who did
not witness an event. Secondary information often comes from primary
sources.
Battles and Events in the War
EQ: What battles and events affected the outcome of the Civil War?
Fort Sumter The Civil War started when Confederate troops attacked Fort
Sumter
First Battle of Bull Run First battle of the Civil War. Both sides thought they’d
win the battle and the war quickly. The Confederate army won this battle, but it
was worse than both sides expected.
Antietam After winning a number of battles, General Lee invaded Antietam,
Maryland. This was the deadliest day of the war. The Union army won this battle.
Emancipation Proclamation Presidential order signed January 1, 1863, by
Abraham Lincoln, that freed enslaved people in the Confederate states. It did not
free slaves in the border states. The Emancipation Proclamation made the war
about ending slavery in the South and took away the chance that Great Britain and
France might help the South, since they were against slavery.
Vicksburg – Union Army won this battle and control of the Mississippi River,
which cut off Texas and Arkansas from the other Confederate States.
Gettysburg – Union won this battle in the East (Pennsylvania) at the same time
Grant was winning the Battle of Vicksburg in the West. After three days of
fighting, the Confederate Army was forced to retreat from their attack. The Union
victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were a turning point in the war.
Atlanta Campaign and Sherman’s March to the Sea In 1864, Union General
William Tecumseh Sherman led his army through Georgia. He burned down most
of Atlanta and from there headed to Savannah on the Atlantic coast in what is
known as “the March to the Sea.” The goal of this march was to burn anything
and everything that could help the South win the war.
Appomattox Courthouse – In April of 1865, Grant’s army, which was well-fed, and
armed with supplies met up with Lee’s starving soldiers who had few supplies. Lee
and his army were surrounded and Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse,
Virginia, ending the War.
President Lincoln Assassinated Just five days after the Civil War ended, President
Lincolnwas assassinated while watching a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington
D.C. Many people, even Southerners were saddened by Lincoln’s death, since he
promised to bring the country together being fair to all
Life after the War
EQ: What was life like in the United States after the war?
The South after the Civil War – Since most of the battles took
place there, the South was devastated by the War. Many
home, farms, and businesses were ruined and had to be
rebuilt. While former slaves were now free, they had no
homes or jobs.
The North after the Civil War - There was very little damage
to cities in the North. Northern businesses and railroads grew
quickly during and after the war.
Reconstruction The period following the Civil War during
which the South rejoined the Union. Before they could rejoin,
they had to ratify (approve) the 13th, 14th, and 15th
amendments.
Congress during Reconstruction After Southerners passed
Black Codes that limited the rights of former slaves to travel,
vote, and hold certain jobs and voted for former Confederate
leaders, Congress put the South under military control.
Congress impeached President Andrew Johnson, but were not
able to force him out of office.
Helping Freed Slaves in the South
EQ: How were former slaves helped during the
Reconstruction?
Freedman’s Bureau Provided food, clothing, medical care,
schools and found jobs for many former slaves.
George Washington Carver – Scientist and teacher at
African-American Tuskegee Institute. Discovered over 300
products that could be made with peanuts.
Amending The Constitution
13th Amendment
Ended slavery in the
entire United States
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Gave citizenship to all people born Gave all men the right
in U.S., including former slaves
to vote, including
and said all citizens must be
African American
treated equally under the law
men.
Challenges Freed Slaves faced in the South
EQ: What difficulties did freed slaves face in the South?
Sharecropping - A system in which landowners let poor farmers use
small areas of their land, and in return, the farmers gave the landowner
a share of the crop. The poor farmers, often former slaves, often went in
debt borrowing to buy seeds and tools. If they could not sell enough
crops, the debt would get worse.
Ku Klux Klan – Used violence to stop African Americans from voting
Jim Crow Laws - Laws that kept African-Americans separate from
other Americans. Schools, hospitals and even cemeteries were
segregated. Less money was spent on schools and hospitals for African
Americans.