Download Civil War and Reconstruction

Unit 7
Civil War and Reconstruction
1860-1877
Things to Know
1. Outbreak of the Civil War: pattern of
secession after Lincoln’s election; relative
strengths and weaknesses of the North
and South at the outbreak of the war.
2. The Civil War, 1861-1865: military
strategy and major battles; economic
impact of the war on the North and South;
response to war in Europe; Emancipation
Proclamation- position of AfricanAmericans during the war.
Things to Know
3. Reconstruction: Lincoln’s views on
treatment of the South; difference
between Congressional and Presidential
Reconstruction; implementation of
Reconstruction; status of former slaves;
national politics and the end of
Reconstruction.
People to Know – Union
• Ulysses S. Grant - Main Northern General;
later president.
• George McClellan - Northern General; later
ran as presidential candidate for Peace
Democrats in 1864.
• Sherman - Northern general. He led the
March to the Sea from Atlanta to Savannah in
Georgia.
People to Know - Confederacy
• Jefferson Davis - President of the
Confederacy.
• Robert E. Lee - Main Confederate General.
• “Stonewall” Jackson - Southern general.
Other People to Know
• Andrew Johnson - President during
Reconstruction, impeached because of
violation of the Tenure of Office Act
(underlying reason was his conciliatory
policies toward the South).
• Mathew Brady - Photographer of the War;
credited with being the father of
photojournalism.
• John Wilkes Booth - Killed Lincoln.
Groups to Know
• Freedman’s Bureau - Aided former slaves
through education, health care and
employment.
• Ku Klux Klan - Wanted to restore white
supremacy after the Civil War; used violence
and terrorism.
• Radical Republicans - Supported equal rights
for freedmen; impeached Andrew Johnson.
Major Battles
• Fort Sumter, SC - 1861; first battle of the war.
North failed to take control of the harbor.
• First Battle of Bull Run (aka Manassas) –
1861; spectators watched, expecting an easy
Union victory, but were disappointed.
Southern spies warned the CSA ahead of time,
and the Union was defeated. Some women
from D.C. came with picnic baskets and
blankets to watch.
Major Battles
• Battle of the Ironclads, 1862 – Monitor
(North) had revolving turret forced
Merrimac (South) to retreat.
• Shiloh, Tennessee - 1862; unsuccessful
Southern attack on Northern forces.
• Antietam (aka Sharpsburg) - 1862;
bloodiest one-day battle in the history of
American combat.
• Vicksburg - 1863; Southern surrender.
Major Battles
• Gettysburg - 1863; more men died here
than in any other battle on American soil;
after this Union victory, the Confederacy
could not recover.
• Chancellorsville - Lee succeeded against
Hooker’s larger army; Stonewall Jackson
was shot by his own men and died of
pneumonia eight days later.
• Appomattox - 1865; Lee surrendered to
Grant, marked the end of the Civil War.
Strategies/Concepts
• Anaconda Plan- Union plan to cut off
supplies from the Mississippi to the South
• Sherman’s March to the Sea- Gen.
Sherman’s troops left the captured city of
Atlanta and ended with the capture of
Savannah; used principle of scorched
earth
Military Technology
Military Technology
Military Technology
Legislature
• Morrill Land Grant Act - Allowed for the
creation of land-grant colleges to teach
military tactics, mechanics and
agriculture.
• Pacific Railroad Act - 1862; authorized
the construction of the first
transcontinental railway line connecting
the east and west coasts.
Legislature
• Election of 1876 - Democrat Tilden vs.
Republican Hayes; Tilden won popular vote
but electoral vote was in question; in the
Compromise of 1877, Hayes was chosen as
president
• Contract Labor System - during the war
immigration declined, therefore creating a
shortage of labor; led government to create the
Act to Encourage Immigration.
• Tenant farms - most freed slaves could not
afford to get their own property, so they were
tenant farmers for former masters.
Legislature
• National Bank Act - Together with Lincoln's
issuance of "greenbacks," raised money for the
federal government in the war by enticing
banks to buy federal bonds and taxed state
bonds out of existence.
• Wade-Davis Bill - 1864; made re-admittance
to the Union for former Confederate states
contingent on a majority in each Southern state
to take the Ironclad oath to the effect they had
never in the past supported the Confederacy.
Legislature
• 13th, 14th, 15th amendments - Freedom,
citizenship, suffrage for colored people.
• Civil Rights Act 1866 - Counterattack against
Black Codes; gave some civil rights to recently
freed slaves; President Johnson vetoed the bill.
• Reconstruction Acts (1867) - Creation of five
military districts in the seceded states, states
required to ratify the 14th Amendment before
being readmitted to the Union.
Multiple Choice Questions!
• 1. At the outset, President Lincoln held
that the Civil War was being fought
to?:
a. end all state sovereignty.
b. carry out the goals of the abolitionist
movement.
c. free the slaves.
d. preserve the Union.
e. all of these choices are correct.
D
• 2. The major battle in the western
theater during the Civil War which had
the effect of splitting the Confederacy
in half was?:
a. the Battle of the Wilderness.
b. Vicksburg.
c. Gettysburg.
d. Antietam.
e. First Bull Run.
B
• 3. The Emancipation Proclamation?:
a. freed the slaves and abolished slavery in all
the states of the Union and the Confederacy.
b. freed slaves only in areas in rebellion against
the United States but not in areas that remained
loyal.
c. was formulated by the Radical Republicans
and issued by Lincoln despite his strong
personal objections.
d. convinced England and France to enter the
war on behalf of the Union in order to win the
crusade against slavery.
B
• 4. The final Union war strategy
included all of the following
components EXCEPT?:
a. guerilla warfare.
b. undermining the Confederate economy.
c. a naval blockade.
d. seizing control of the Mississippi River.
A
5. What two issues lay at the heart of
Reconstruction?:
a. whether the federal or state government was
ultimately sovereign, and whether Africa-Americans
or Native Americans were the most oppressed
minority group.
b. which party would gain the ascendance, and how the
government could regulate the economy.
c. the future of political and economic power for freed
slaves, and the future of North-South economic and
political relations.
d. rebuilding the North's shattered economy and
restoring the South's shattered society.
C
• 6. Which of the following was NOT a feature of
Abraham Lincoln's "10 Percent Plan"?:
a. state governments could be formed when at least 10%
of those who had voted in 1860 had sworn allegiance
to the Union and accepted emancipation.
b. Confederate officials and army and naval officers
needed presidential pardons before they could
participate in the new governments.
c. southern plantations were to be confiscated and
divided among the blacks who had formerly worked
there as slaves.
d. freedmen were excluded from participation because
they had not been voters in 1860.
C
• 7. The Fourteenth Amendment to the
Constitution was important because it?:
a. prohibited slavery within the United States.
b. guaranteed equal protection under the law for
every American citizen.
c. prohibited any state from denying an American
citizen the right to vote based on race/ethnic
background, color, or having previously been a
slave.
d. provided Congress with the power to establish
and collect income taxes. prohibited any state
from denying women the right to vote.
B
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