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Transcript
The Immune System The Basics Immunity – Three Lines of Defense • First Line – keep pathogens out! STOP – HOW? Skin, Mucus, Tears (+ Lysozyme), cilia, HCl in stomach to kill bacteria, “good” symbiotic bacteria • Second Line – oh no, something got in, start pitchin’ a general defense – HOW? Phagocytes, Interferons, Complement, Histamines (red, hot, swollen), inflammatory response • Third Line – very specific immune response to a particular antigen – HOW? Macrophages, Helper T cells, B-cells, antibodies, Killer T cells STOP Immunity – First Line Keep pathogens out • Skin • Mucus & Cilia • Lysozyme (enzyme that breaks down bacterial walls) in tears & saliva • HCl in stomach to kill bacteria, Immunity’s Second Line–something got in so start PItCHIN’ a general defense! • Phagocytes – WBC that engulf pathogens by phagocytosis (neutrophils, macrophages) • InTerferons – chemicals secreted by virus-infected cells that stimulate neighboring cells to produce defensive proteins • Complement – group of proteins that attract phagocytes to foreign cells and cause cell lysis • Histamines are secreted by basophils and lead to the INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE (redness, heat, swelling) b/c of more blood in the damaged area • Natural Killer Cells – attack and lyse tumor and virus-infected body cells 3rd Line of Defense = Immune Response Immunity – Third Line – very specific immune response to a particular antigen • HOW? See the immune system in action! • Click here Click here also A What do A, B, and C represent? A = pathogen with antigens on surface B = macrophage B C C = antigen presented on surface of macrophage What is the difference between B cells and T cells? B cells T cells Used in the production of antibodies in fighting bacteria, viruses and tumor cells “NON-SELF CELLS” Used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attract macrophages (big immune cells which “eat” antigens) When they encounter a new antigen, plasma and memory cells are formed from the division of a B cell. The memory cell remembers the antigen and which antibody to use while the plasma cell makes the antibodies. They play a large role in destroying virus-infected cells, foreign tissues and tumor cells- “NON-SELF CELLS” Main types are Helper T cells (assist in activating B cells) and cytotoxic T cells (recognize foreign cells and destroy them) . Play a role in the HUMORAL response Play a role in CELLMEDIATED response Made in the bone marrow Formed in the thymus Read a bit about the immune system by going to this website…click here. Primary vs. Secondary Immune Response • PRIMARY • 10-14 days to mount effective response • Reaction to first exposure to antigen • SECONDARY • 2-3 days to mount effective response • Reaction to second or later exposure to antigen • Stimulates “naïve” • Stimulates memory helper T, B and/or killer helper T, B, and/or killer T cells T cells • Lower antibody nd st 2 • Higher antibody 1 concentration exposure concentration Concen- exposure tration of antibody Review of the Immune System Match the cell type with the description Description Cell Type 1. Activate either B or T cells, depending on the type of pathogen. B ____ 2. Eat and present antigen to Helper T A cells.____ a. Macrophage s b. Helper T cells c. Killer T cells d. Memory Killer T cells e. Plasma B cells f. Memory B cells 3. Produce antibodies.E____ 4. Involved in a secondary immune response. ___ D, F B 5. Are attacked by HIV. ____ C 6. Cause lysis of cancer cells.____