Download Immunity Part 3

Immunity Part 3
Immunotherapy, or how to fool
your immune system into
protecting you!
Active Immunity
• This is what you have when your Bmemory and T-memory cells are waiting to
encounter the same antigen again.
• You can cause this to happen by putting
an antigen that will not cause harm into
the body by vaccination
Immunization
• Uses vaccines that have either the
traditional “dead” pathogen or can now be
made using a variety of biotechnological
means.
• You can look for the presence of
antibodies to determine if someone is
protected against a specific disease
• Many vaccinations need two exposures to
work, some may need more
Passive Immunity
• When someone is sick, they can be given
antibodies to boost the work their immune
system is doing. (immunoglobulin)
• This is how breast milk protects babies
during the first few months of life
• However, it does not last
Allergies
• Caused by an overactive immune system
• Can be mild to deadly (anaphylactic
shock)
• IgE antibodies stick on the membranes of
basophils in blood and mast cell in tissue
• When an allergen (antigen) attaches to IgE
antibodies on mast cell, they release histamine
and other chemicals
• Histamine caused mucus secretions and airway
constrictions
• If the other chemicals get into the blood stream,
the capillary permeability increases and that can
lead to fluid loss and shock (or death)
• Fig. 13.12
Immunosuppression
• After transplant killer T cells lyse the
transplanted cells just as they would a
bacterium
• Drugs can be given to suppress the
rejection but it does increase the
transplant’s chances of other infections
Autoimmune Diseases
• When killer T cells attach body cells
• Depending on which cells are attached
(Honors – know the list on pg 267 both
disease and symptoms)