Download Chapter 14 The Civil War

Chapter 14
The Civil War
The Deep South leaves the Union
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas
Dec 20
Jan 9
Jan 10
Jan 11
Jan 19
Jan 26
Feb 1
President
Vice President
Jefferson
Davis
Alexander
Stephens
No state has the
right to secede, but I
have no authority to stop
them
Crittenden’s Compromise
Amendment to guarantee
slavery south of 36 ° 30’
For all future territorial gains
Rejected by Republicans
Confederates want all Federal
property within their borders
Two places they haven’t gotten:
Fort Pickens - Pensacola
Fort Sumter – South Carolina
Lincoln needs to get supplies to
fort-will send only food
South’s problem:
Allow food & look like they
are giving in
Stop it & start war
Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
Charleston Harbor
P.G.T.
Beauregard
Robert
Anderson
Abner
Doubleday
Theories on Civil War
*Charles Beard nd
2 American Revolution
*James Randall The Blundering Generation
North
South
Population
61%
39%
RR mileage
66%
34%
67%
33%
Farms
Wealth Produces
75%
25%
Factories
81%
19%
The North Produces:
32 times amount of Firearms
20 times
Pig Iron
13 times
Sheet Iron
11 times
Ships
30 times
Shoes/Boots
24 times
Locomotives
ADVANTAGES
North
*More !!!
*Established
government
South
*Military
Background
*fight Defensive
*Didn’t have to
win
How the North paid for the War
*Taxes – 1st income tax
*Greenbacks – not backed by
gold/silver 64 - 39% of gold
65 – 67%
*Loans – bonds private $400 m
Banks $2.6 b
How the South paid for the War
*Taxes – only 5%
*Printed Money
At start 90% of gold
1863 6%
1865 < 1%
Inflation
1863
$1 lb
1865
meat
$5
$50 barrel flour $1000
Confederate private $11 per month
Manpower
At start of war US Army has 16,000
men
Congress calls for 500,000
volunteers for 3 years
Some state units select officers
By 1863 North is forced to
go to a draft
Could hire a sub or pay $300
North will have 2 million in
uniform
New York Draft Riots
July 1863
~100 killed
South will switch to draft in
1862
All white males 18-35 for 3
years
Could also buy way out
Have 900,000 serve
Transition to Modern War
*Use of Railroad & Telegraph
*Use of factories & transition to
war economy
*Rifle changes tactics
Enfield P53 Rifle
Sharp’s 1859 Rifle
80 yards
Musket
300 yards
Rifle
Henry Carbine
Spencer Carbine
Strategy
KING
KingCOTTON
Cotton
Anaconda Plan
*blockade the coast
*control Mississippi River
*capture key points
War in the East
Lincoln has to pick a
commander
Winfield Scott too old and fat
He recommends his old
adjutant
Lincoln offers
command, but is
turned down
Irwin
McDowell
st
1
Bull Run
Manassas Junction
July 21, 1861
PGT Beauregard
&
Joseph Johnston
Manassas Junction
“There stands
Jackson like a
stonewall”
George
McClellan
Peninsula
Campaign
Quaker Guns
Robert E.
Lee
John
Pope
Headquarters
in the saddle
nd
2
Battle of Bull Run
*Pope tries to catch Jackson
*Longstreet surprises Pope
*McClellan does nothing
James
Longstreet
Mac is Back!
Antietam
*Lee moves North
*Lost Order
*Bloodiest day of war
Miller’s Cornfield
The Cornfield
Sunken Road
Sunken Road
Dunker’s Church
Approximate
Numbers
Killed
Wounded
Missing/Capt
ured
Total
Union Confederate
Total
2,100
1,550
3,650
9,550
7,750
17,300
750
1,020
1,770
12,400
10,320
22,720
War in the West
Ulysses S.
Grant
Fort Henry
Fort
Henry
Feb 6,1862
Fort Donelson
Feb 16
Fort Donelson
Confederates decide to
consolidate their scattered
troops and surprise Grant
Confederate forces under
Albert Sidney Johnston attack
at Shiloh April 6-7 1862
Albert
Sidney
Johnston
The morning attack is a
complete surprise
Grant is not with the troops
Grant is able to stop the
retreat with the help of
William Sherman and
extra troop brought in
Confederates lose focus
when Johnston is killed
Grant attacks the next day
and drive the Confederate
army back until they
retreat
While it is a Union victory,
the heavy losses shock the
North and there are charges
that Grant was surprised
because he was drunk
David Faragut
captures New
Orleans for the
North
April 1862
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Ambrose
Burnside
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 13, 1862
Marye Heights
Casualties
Union
12,653
Confederate 5,309
Fighting
Joe Hooker
Battle of Chancellorsville
Stonewall
Jackson
killed
George
Meade
Battle of Gettysburg
John
Buford
McPherson’s
Farm
Buford & Reynolds
John
Burns
Joshua
Chamberlain
George
Pickett
Lewis Armistead
Fence at Emmitsburg Road
Vicksburg
Grant moves to rescue Union
troops at Chattanooga and
control Tennessee
Wins battles at Lookout
Mountain and Missionary
Ridge
Missionary Ridge
Grant given overall
command of Union forces
William Sherman in charge
of West
William
Tecumseh
Sherman
While grant shadows Lee in
the East, Sherman moves on
Atlanta
Sherman mainly fights war of
maneuver and only tries one
frontal assault
March to the Sea
Grant
goes
East
Battle of the Wilderness
Spotsylvania
Cold Harbor
Siege of Petersburg
Wilmer
McLean’s
Home
Appomattox Court House
Lincoln Expands Power of
Presidency during War
*Sends troops into battle w/o
declaration of war
*Increases size of army w/o
Congress
*Proclaims blockade
*Suspends Habeas Corpus
Peace Democrats
Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham
Lincoln ignores Supreme
Court ruling to release
secessionist leader
Ex parte Merryman
1866 Ex parte Milligan
Can’t use military courts
where civilian courts are
operating
Committee for the Conduct
of the War
*Joint committee
*Dominated by the Republicans
*Felt war not fought hard enough
*Dislike non-Republican generals
*Want more movement on slavery
ELECTION of 1864
Lincoln
McClellan
Emancipation
Republicans split
Radicals-immediate
Conservative-gradual
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Congress passes two
Confiscation Acts
*frees slaves used to support
insurrection
*frees slaves owned by persons
aiding insurrection
1862 Lincoln changes focus
of war
Write Emancipation
Proclamation
Waits for win to issue it:
Antietam
Died of
States
Rights
ECONOMICS
North
*Coal production up
*Railroads expand
*loss of farm labor
*encourages mechanization
South
*Planters cut off from
markets
*white labor force in army
*production down 1/3
US Sanitary Commission
Domestic
Issues
Homestead Act - 1862
*Claim 160 acres
*Live for 5 years
*Dig a well
*Plow at least 10 acres
*Build a house
Morrill Act – 1862
•Gives each state 30,000 acres
of public land for each Rep.
•Sale of land to establish
‘land grant’ colleges
Transcontinental Railroad
*Union Pacific - build west from
Omaha
*Central Pacific - build east from
California