Download 3.2 Fighting

3.2: Fighting the Civil War
A. The Early Stages:
1. First Bloodshed-Bull Run
a. 1861: Union defeated
b. Many Confederate soldiers thought war
was over and went home
c. Should have continued on to D.C. but they
were tired!! (What if…?)
2. The Naval War
a. Blockade: effective
b. South countered w/blockade runners
c. Union takes control of Port New Orleans
The British steamer and Union blockage runner, Dee in the
harbor at Hamilton, Bermuda, in 1863.
3. Battle at Shiloh (4/1862)
a. >23,000 casualties
b. Admiral Farragut
seizes Port New
Orleans (2/1862)
c. Union on their way
to controlling the
Mississippi River
4. Battle at Antietam (9/1862)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Deadliest battle yet;
>26,000 casualties
Union saves
Washington D.C from
Lee and confederates
British no longer willing
to support the
Confederacy*
Lincoln realizes slavery
must end once and for
all = Emancipation
Proclamation
Confederate Soldiers @ Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation reading
5. Emancipation Proclamation
a.
slaves are to be freed
as part of a “weapon
of war” just like any
other resource - only
in the seceding
states!
b. Perceived as a war
to free slaves - Upset
both North and
South
c. South now unwilling
to compromise
6. conscription
a.
b.
c.
d.
A draft
Occurred on both
sides due to heavy
casualties
Rich were exempt
Draft riots occurred
in protest to the draft
7. Life During War

a. A.A.
–

Could fight on
Unions side;
Army/Navy
b. Women
nurses
ii. Sanitation
iii. Death rate improved
iv. Managed farms
i.
c. Soldiers
i.
Illiness due to lack of
sanitation
ii.
Bad diet
iii. Poor medical care
B. The Turning Point
1.
Battle of Gettysburg,
Pa., (July 1863)
a.
b.
Turning point for the
Union
Confederate soldiers
retreat under
command of Gen.
Lee
2. Damage of Gettysburg
>51,000 casualties;
killed or wounded
b. Confederacy never
recovers
a.
Gettysburg
Address
“Four score and seven years ago…” p.135
Gettysburg Address:
“Remaking America”
 We
are no longer a collection
of states but a single nation
3. Vicksburg (July 4) and Port
Hudson (July 9)

Both ports were captured by
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (future president)
Results from this?

How’s morale in the south right about now?
Grant and Sherman’s
Total War
4. Concept of Total War
a. Everything is game
Anything that can be used by southern
military is to be destroyed
ii. Break down will of the people
i.
5. Sherman’s March to the Sea
1.
2.

Goal: to physically and psychologically
destroy the South
Meet Grant in Richmond, Va.
http://www.history.com/minisite.do?conte
nt_type=Minisite_Video_Clips&display_o
rder=1&content_type_id=54612&mini_id
=51103
Sherman’s March to the Sea
1864
Lincoln is reelected!!
6. Lee Surrenders to Grant
at Appomattox
March 1865
7. The Nation Changes
a. Politically
States rights vs. Federal govt issues
continued; secession never considered an
option again
ii. Federal govt’s power increased; more of a say
in individual citizens (taxes,conscription
laws, suspension of habeas corpus)
i.
7. The Nation Changes
b. Economically
i. North
1. Business was fabulous due to factories supplying the
war!
2. Income taxes introduced to pay for war then ended
afterwards
3. Wages still low
ii. South
1. Devastated!
2. Labor system had to be revamped
3. Land and livestock destroyed; famine
4. RR and machinery destroyed
7. The Nation Changes
c. Technologically - “Modern War”
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Rifle
Bullets
Hand grenades
Land mines
Ironclad ships
7. The Nation Changes
e. Socially
 13th Amendment: ends
slavery
John Wilkes Booth

26 y/o actor
 April 14, 1865 shoots
Lincoln in the head 5
days after Lee
surrendered
 April 15 Lincoln dies
Kitchen Duty
Anaconda Plan (PC)