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Chapter 15 The Civil War Section 1: The Call to Arms both Northerners & Southerners were sure they’re side would win It would be a QUICK VICTORY They were WRONG! Union President: Abraham Lincoln Confederate President: Jefferson Davis * South Carolina – 1st state to secede On April 17th, Lincoln’s “call for troops” led many southern states to secede. States that seceded: Virginia Arkansas Tennessee North Carolina Border States: southern slave states that did not secede; they stayed in the Union Delaware Kentucky Maryland Missouri - At first, Kentucky was neutral (not favoring either side) - In Maryland, people who sided with the south destroyed railroad and telegraph lines. - Lincoln placed Maryland under martial law (rule in which the military is in charge & citizens’ rights are suspended. Advantages of the North and South North South a lot of factories to make war supplies fighting on own land; knew the land; HOME FIELD ADVANTAGE twice as much railroads as the south experienced military officers top 3 generals: Robert E. Lee, Albert Johnston, & Joseph Johnston more experienced soldiers had EVERYTHING to lose twice as much farmland (food) larger population to fight with more resources able to field, feed, and equip larger armies. Strategies to win the war North South navy blockaded southern seaports (Lincoln hoped to cut off South’s supply of manufactured goods and block overseas sale of cotton) gain control of the Mississippi River (this was South’s major transportation link) invade Virginia seize Richmond, the Confederate capital st did not need to invade north defend their land until north got tired of fighting hoping for help from Great Britain The Battle of Bull Run 1 battle of the Civil War Poorly trained Union troops, retreated South took Union’s weapons South won this battle “Stonewall Jackson” like a stone; couldn’t move him A Soldier’s Life camp conditions terrible lack of clean water HUGE health threat many died of diseases (small pox and typhoid fever) ½ of men to sick to fight in Prison camps, many died from starvation or exposure to harsh conditions Section 2: Early Years of the War New Technology in the War rifles and cannons more accurate greater range than muskets and artillery guns loaded faster attacking army could be bombarded before it arrived Ironclad ships: warships protected with iron plates o Ex.) Merrimack and the Monitor NORTHERN Generals: George McClellan – a good organizer, but very cautious Ulysses Grant – took to many chances (not a planner), but in command of Northern Forces The Emancipation Proclamation brought the issue of slavery into the war freed enslaved people only in areas that were fighting in the Union (did not apply to parts of the South already under Union control). freed a few slaves at first now a reason for North to fight to END SLAVERY Battle of Antietam: Antietam Creek, Sharpsburg Maryland on September 1862 Bloodiest day of the Civil War Lee forced to pull army back into Virginia North claimed victory Battle of Shiloh: By 1862, Union forces had control of most of the Mississippi River Union forced Confederate Army to withdraw from the railroad center Union forces gained control of the Mississippi River By end of summer most of river under Union’s control