Download Chapter 15

Chapter 15
The Civil War
Section 1:



The Call to Arms
both Northerners & Southerners were sure they’re side would win
It would be a QUICK VICTORY
They were WRONG!
Union President: Abraham Lincoln
Confederate President: Jefferson Davis
* South Carolina – 1st state to secede
On April 17th, Lincoln’s “call for troops” led many southern states to secede.
States that seceded:
 Virginia
 Arkansas
 Tennessee
 North Carolina
Border States: southern slave states that did not secede; they stayed in the
Union
 Delaware
 Kentucky
 Maryland
 Missouri
- At first, Kentucky was neutral (not favoring either side)
- In Maryland, people who sided with the south destroyed railroad and telegraph
lines.
- Lincoln placed Maryland under martial law (rule in which the military is in charge &
citizens’ rights are suspended.
Advantages of the North and South
North
South

a lot of factories to make war
supplies

fighting on own land; knew the
land; HOME FIELD ADVANTAGE

twice as much railroads as the
south

experienced military officers

top 3 generals: Robert E. Lee,
Albert Johnston, & Joseph
Johnston

more experienced soldiers

had EVERYTHING to lose

twice as much farmland (food)

larger population to fight

with more resources able to field,
feed, and equip larger armies.
Strategies to win the war
North
South
navy blockaded southern
seaports
(Lincoln hoped to cut off South’s
supply of manufactured goods and
block overseas sale of cotton)

gain control of the Mississippi
River
(this was South’s major
transportation link)
 invade Virginia
 seize Richmond, the Confederate
capital






st

did not need to invade north

defend their land until north got
tired of fighting

hoping for help from Great
Britain
The Battle of Bull Run
1 battle of the Civil War
Poorly trained Union troops, retreated
South took Union’s weapons
South won this battle
“Stonewall Jackson” like a stone; couldn’t move him
A Soldier’s Life





camp conditions terrible
lack of clean water HUGE health threat
many died of diseases (small pox and typhoid fever)
½ of men to sick to fight
in Prison camps, many died from starvation or exposure to harsh conditions
Section 2: Early Years of the War
New Technology in the War
 rifles and cannons more accurate
 greater range than muskets and artillery
 guns loaded faster
 attacking army could be bombarded before it arrived
 Ironclad ships: warships protected with iron plates
o Ex.) Merrimack and the Monitor
NORTHERN Generals:
George McClellan – a good organizer, but very cautious
Ulysses Grant – took to many chances (not a planner), but in command of
Northern Forces
The Emancipation Proclamation









brought the issue of slavery into the war
freed enslaved people only in areas that were fighting in the Union
(did not apply to parts of the South already under Union control).
freed a few slaves at first
now a reason for North to fight to END SLAVERY
Battle of Antietam:
Antietam Creek, Sharpsburg Maryland on September 1862
Bloodiest day of the Civil War
Lee forced to pull army back into Virginia
North claimed victory
Battle of Shiloh:
By 1862, Union forces had control of most of the Mississippi River
 Union forced Confederate Army to withdraw from the railroad center
 Union forces gained control of the Mississippi River
 By end of summer most of river under Union’s control