Download PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Redefining our perceptions of what
constitutes psychological disorders.
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Learning to ask “Why?”
Focus on observable data.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
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Learning Objectives:
Introduction: 3 cases
Anxiety Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Mood Disorders
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorders
Psychological Disorders
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Three cases:
 Jim
Gordon
 Vincent “The Chin “Gigante
 Andrea Yates
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What is Insanity?
Disease vs. Disorder (illness)
What’s your perception?
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Psychological Disorders
Psychological Disorders
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A brief history: the pendulum swings
Greeks: perceived natural causes
 Middle Ages: natural & supernatural causes
 Colonial America: supernatural or natural?
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hysteria + ergot = trouble
 Present: natural versus supernatural
 The role of technology
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Anxiety Disorders
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Phobias (irrational fears)
 specific,
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Panic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorders
 at
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social
least 6 months duration
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
 thoughts
and actions
Anxiety Disorders
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Acute Stress Disorder
 occurs
w/i 1 month of event, lasts 2 days - 4
weeks
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Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
 Inhibitory
neurotransmitter implicated in anxiety
reactions
 aids in calming us during anxiety
Dissociative Disorders
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Sudden, temporary changes in consciousness
or self identity.
 Dissociative Amnesia,
Fugue (fleeing)
 Depersonalization Disorder
 Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD); Most
extreme form of chronic PTSD, Dissociation as
coping mechanism
 Four
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Cases:
Chris Sizemore; Shirley Ardell Mason; Billy Milligan; Truddi Chase.
Somatoform Disorders
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Complaints of physical (somatic)
problems despite physical
abnormalities.
Symptoms are not intentional.
Motivation for illness is unconscious
Conversion Disorder
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unconscious conflicts are
converted into physical symptoms.
Symptoms are often significant to
the patient.
Can persist for years.
Conversion Disorder
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FYI: Hysteria = womb / uterus
 Psychosomatic
(Hysterical) Blindness
 Psychosomatic (Hysterical) Pregnancy
 Couvade
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“La belle Indifference”
 characterized
symptoms.
by an indifference to their
Conversion Disorder
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Hypochondriasis
 Not
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attention seeking behavior
Related Somatoform Disorders:
 Pain
Disorder
 Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Mood Disorders
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Major Depression
 Characteristics
 Types
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Bipolar Disorder (manic depression)
 Types
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Seasonal Affective Disorder
Suicide
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Rates
 300,000
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Factors
 Links
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people per year
to depression / hopelessness
Diversity
Myths
Schizophrenia
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Split between thought and reality
Characteristics
 Delusions
 Stupor
 Loss
of control of thought processes
 inappropriate emotional responses
 Onset
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1% of population
Schizophrenia
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Three types:
Paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic: waxy flexibility, mutism
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Dopamine Hypothesis: Glutamate may be
the more important precursor.
Personality Disorders
Enduring patterns of maladaptive behavior.
 Sources
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of distress to the individual or others.
Overview of Types of Personality Disorders.
 Paranoid
/ Schizotypal / Schizoid / Avoidant /
Antisocial
Personality Disorders
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Paranoid Personality Type
 Persistent
suspiciousness
 Emotionally detached
 bear persistent grudges.
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Schizotypal Personality Type
 Oddities
of thought and behavior
 Eccentricities of behavior
 “Magical thinking”
 inappropriate dress
Personality Disorders
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Schizoid Personality Type
 Social
withdrawal
 Express few emotions
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Avoidant Personality Type
 Generally
unwilling to enter relationships
without assurance of acceptance
 High levels of emotional discomfort
Personality Disorders
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Antisocial Personality Type (“Sociopath”)
 Frequent
conflict with society, undeterred by punishment
guilt, anxiety, or remorse for actions
 Ongoing disregard for the rights of others
 little
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Deceitfulness
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Repeated lying (lying for personal gain and/or pleasure)
 Must
be at least 18 years old
Personality Disorders
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Malingering: “disease forgery”
Factitious Disorder
 attention
 Munchausen
 hero
 Rarely
Syndrome (by proxy)
/ victim
treated successfully
Personality Disorders
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Narcissistic Personality Type
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exaggerated sense of self importance, entitlement
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Disturbed self-centered relationships.
Histrionic Personality Type
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excessive emotionality
Borderline Personality Type
Pattern of unstable personal relationships.
 poor self image, impulse control.
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Impulse Control Disorders:
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Kleptomania, Pyromania, Trichotillomania (hair pulling)