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WARM UP 4/20 List all the part of the brain that will be on your quiz. After each, write down a little note for you to remember where the part is. EX: gyri - ridges pons – bump near bottom of brain NOTES CH 11 4/20 Brain physiology Neurons Nerve cells Brain is made up of billions of these NEURON VOCAB • Axon - sends messages away • Dendrite - receives messages • Synaptic knobs – ends of axons • Receptors – ends of dendrites • Myelin sheath - covering around the axon to protect it • Synapse – space between neurons • Neurotransmitter - chemical that brings messages across gap (EX: Ach) • Action potential – electrical impulse DO NOT WRITE Neurotransmitter imbalances have been implicated in several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and in a variety of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression. Many drugs work by altering the level of specific neurotransmitters in the brain (see, e.g., cholinesterase inhibitors). *Messages can only go one direction neurons that bring messages to the brain efferent neurons bring messages away from the brain -afferent neurons within the brain - interneurons The brain working • Message from the body gets sent to proper area in the brain and the brain interprets what the message is AND/OR • Brain can start a message and send it to a part of the body to cause a reaction LABELING FROM NEURON TO NEURON: 1. Action potential travels down axon 2. Reaches the synaptic knob 3. Neurotransmitters release chemicals 4. Chemicals move across synapse 5. Attach to receptors on dendrite of next neuron 6. Na+ rushes in 7. Action potential travels down axon (repeats till reaches its destination) (Think of it like dominos!!) Through the whole body 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Stimulus detected by receptors Impulse travels through neurons to spinal cord Travels up spinal cord to brain Reaches proper area and brain interprets message Message can stop here OR cause reaction 6. Brain sends message in response 7. Impulse travels down spinal cord 8. Travels away from s.c. to muscle or gland 9. Reaction happens